FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Equine veterinary journal2019; 52(1); 112-119; doi: 10.1111/evj.13133

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France.

Abstract: Horses are one of the potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that could be transferred to human subjects. Objective: To describe the AMR patterns of major bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Data collected between 2012 and 2016 by RESAPATH, the French national surveillance network for AMR, were analysed. Only antimicrobials relevant in veterinary and human medicine for the isolated bacteria were considered. Mono- and multidrug resistance were calculated. The resistance proportions of major equine diseases were assessed and compared. Where data permitted, resistance trends were investigated using nonlinear analysis (generalised additive models). Results: A total of 12,695 antibiograms were analysed. The five most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. The highest proportions of resistance to gentamicin were found for S. aureus (22.1%) and Pseudomonas spp. (26.9%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli had the highest proportions of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.5 and 26.2%, respectively). Proportions of resistance to tetracycline were among the highest for all the bacteria considered. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was below 10% for all Enterobacteriaceae. The highest proportions of multidrug resistance (22.5%) were found among S. aureus isolates, which is worrying given their zoonotic potential. From 2012 to 2016, resistance proportions decreased in Pseudomonas spp. isolates, but remained the same for S. aureus. For Streptococcus spp. and E. coli, resistance proportions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased. Conclusions: Since antibiograms are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could impact the results. Conclusions: Such studies are essential to estimate the magnitude of the potential threat of AMR to public health, to design efficient control strategies and to measure their effectiveness. These findings may also guide the initial empirical treatment of horse diseases.
© 2019 EVJ Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2019-06-17 PubMed ID: 31033041DOI: 10.1111/evj.13133Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria found in diseased horses in France, with a focus on the potential transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans.

Study Purpose and Methodology

  • The primary objective of this study was to characterize the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) profiles of crucial bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France.
  • The study is a retrospective observational analysis of data gathered from 2012 to 2016 by RESAPATH, the French national surveillance network for AMR.
  • The research considered only those antimicrobials that are significant in both veterinary and human medicine. This approach emphasizes the researchers’ interest in the potential transfer of AMR from horses to humans.
  • The researchers calculated both mono-drug and multi-drug resistance and assessed and compared the resistance proportions of significant equine diseases.
  • They used generalised additive models for nonlinear analysis to investigate resistance trends where data allowed.

Study Findings

  • A total of 12,695 antibiograms (lab tests that help define the effectiveness of antibiotics against pathogens) were analysed during the study.
  • The five bacteria most frequently isolated were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pantoea spp., and Klebsiella spp.
  • The highest proportions of resistance to the antibiotic gentamicin were found in S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp.
  • Klebsiella spp. and E. coli showed the highest proportions of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, another antibiotic.
  • All the bacteria under study showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline, yet another antibiotic.
  • Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, a class of antibiotics, was below 10% for all Enterobacteriaceae, a family of bacteria.
  • The bacterial strain with the highest proportions of multidrug resistance was S. aureus, arousing concern due to its potential to cause zoonotic (communicable from animals to humans) diseases.
  • From 2012 to 2016, Pseudomonas spp. showed a decrease in resistance proportions, while S. aureus maintained its levels of resistance. Streptococcus spp. and E. coli saw an increase in resistance proportions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The researchers caution that since antibiograms are not systematic analyses, selection bias could potentially impact the results.
  • They underscore the importance of such studies for estimating the potential threat of AMR to public health, developing efficient control strategies, and evaluating their effectiveness.
  • The findings from this research could also inform the initial empirical treatment of horse diseases and serve as a guide for selecting appropriate antibiotics.

Cite This Article

APA
Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Haenni M, Gay E, Leblond A. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. Equine Vet J, 52(1), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13133

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 112-119

Researcher Affiliations

Bourély, C
  • École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetagroSup, Marcy l'Étoile, France.
  • Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
  • Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.
Cazeau, G
  • Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
Jarrige, N
  • Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
Haenni, M
  • Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
Gay, E
  • Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
Leblond, A
  • Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, EPIA, UMR 0346, VetAgroSup, University of Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacterial Infections / epidemiology
  • Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Bacterial Infections / veterinary
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
  • France / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Public Health
  • Retrospective Studies

Grant Funding

  • French Ministry of Agriculture

References

This article includes 37 references
  1. Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Domann E, Bauerfeind R, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T. Multiresistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from humans, companion animals and horses in central Hesse, Germany.. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:187.
  2. EMA. Reflection Paper on the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance Transfer from Companion Animals. 2015.
  3. Maddox TW, Clegg PD, Williams NJ, Pinchbeck GL. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance.. Equine Vet. J. 2015;47:756-765.
  4. Davis HA, Stanton MB, Thungrat K, Boothe DM. Uterine bacterial isolates from mares and their resistance to antimicrobials: 8,296 cases (2003-2008).. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 2013;242:977-983.
  5. Guérin F, Fines-Guyon M, Meignen P, Delente G, Fondrinier C, Bourdon N, Cattoir V, Léon A. Nationwide molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus responsible for horse infections in France.. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:104.
    pmc: PMC5415774
  6. Theelen MJP, Wilson WD, Edman JM, Magdesian KG, Kass PH. Temporal trends in in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis: 1979-2010.. Equine Vet. J. 2014;46:161-168.
  7. Maddox TW, Pinchbeck GL, Clegg PD, Wedley AL, Dawson S, Williams NJ. Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 2: risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in horses.. Equine Vet. J. 2012;44:297-303.
  8. Weese JS, Archambault M, Dick H, Hearn P, Kreiswirth BN, Said-Salim B, McGeer A, Likhoshvay Y, Prescott JF, Low DE. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel, 2000-2002.. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005;11:430-435.
  9. Malo A, Cluzel C, Labrecque O, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP, Leclere M. Evolution of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in an equine hospital over 3 decades.. Can. Vet. J. 2016;57:747-751.
  10. Erol E, Locke SJ, Donahoe JK, Mackin MA, Carter CN. Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. from horses: a retrospective study (2000-2010).. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2012;24:142-147.
  11. Leigue L, Montiani-Ferreira F, Moore BA. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from septic ocular surface disease in different animal species.. Open Vet. J. 2016;6:215-222.
  12. Clark C, Greenwood S, Boison JO, Chirino-Trejo M, Dowling PM. Bacterial isolates from equine infections in western Canada (1998-2003).. Can. Vet. J. 2008;49:153-160.
  13. Chipangura JK, Chetty T, Kgoete M, Naidoo V. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance from bacterial culture and susceptibility records from horse samples in South Africa.. Prev. Vet. Med. 2017;148:37-43.
  14. Boireau C, Morignat É, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Jouy É, Haenni M, Madec JY, Leblond A, Gay É. Antimicrobial resistance trends in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased food-producing animals in France: a 14-year period time-series study.. Zoonoses Public Health 2018;65:86-94.
  15. Boireau C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Calavas D, Madec JY, Leblond A, Haenni M, Gay É. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle in France, 2006-2016.. J. Dairy Sci. 2018;101:9451-9462.
  16. Bowen M. Antimicrobial stewardship: time for change.. Equine Vet. J. 2013;45:127-129.
  17. Robinson TP, Bu DP, Carrique-Mas J, Fèvre EM, Gilbert M, Grace D, Hay SI, Jiwakanon J, Kakkar M, Kariuki S, Laxminarayan R, Lubroth J, Magnusson U, Thi Ngoc P, Van Boeckel TP, Woolhouse MEJ. Antibiotic resistance: mitigation opportunities in livestock sector development.. Animal 2017;11:1-3.
  18. IFCE. Filière équine française : chiffres clés 2017.. 2017.
  19. Barlow J. Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility: a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle.. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 2011;16:383-407.
  20. Wood SN. Fast stable direct fitting and smoothness selection for generalized additive models.. J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B Stat. Methodol. 2008;70:495-518.
  21. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, Harbarth S, Hindler JF, Kahlmeter G, Olsson-Liljequist B, Paterson DL, Rice LB, Stelling J, Struelens MJ, Vatopoulos A, Weber JT, Monnet DL. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance.. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2012;18:268-281.
  22. Boireau C, Jarrige N, Cazeau G, Jouy É, Haenni M, Philippon C, Calavas D, Madec JY, Leblond A, Gay E. Représentativité et couverture du résapath, le réseau d’épidémiosurveillance de l'antibiorésistance des bactéries pathogènes animales.. Bull. Epidemiol. Sante Anim. Aliment. 2018;80:10-14.
  23. Wildermuth BE, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS, Boord MJ. Susceptibility of Pseudomonas isolates from the ears and skin of dogs to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Ass. 2007;43:337-341.
  24. Davies SC, Fowler T, Watson J, Livermore DM, Walker D. Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer: infection and the rise of antimicrobial resistance.. Lancet 2013;381:1606-1609.
  25. Frontoso R, De Carlo E, Pasolini MP, van der Meulen K, Pagnini U, Iovane G, De Martino L. Retrospective study of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in equine uteri during fertility problems.. Res. Vet. Sci. 2008;84:1-6.
  26. Saputra S, Jordan D, Worthing KA, Norris JM, Wong HS, Abraham R, Trott DJ, Abraham S. Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: a one year study.. PLoS One 2017;12:e0176379.
  27. Johns IC, Adams EL. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in equine bacterial isolates: 1999-2012.. Vet. Rec. 2015;176:334-334.
  28. Pomba C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K. Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals.. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2017;72:957-968.
  29. Li XZ, Plésiat P, Nikaido H. The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2015;28:337-418.
  30. Breidenstein EBM, de la Fuente-Núñez C, Hancock REW. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance.. Trends Microbiol. 2011;19:419-426.
  31. Hariharan H, Coles M, Poole D, Lund L, Page R. Update on antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from canine and feline otitis externa.. Can. Vet. J. 2006;47:253-255.
  32. Mekić S, Matanović K, Šeol B. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs with otitis externa.. Vet. Rec. 2011;169:125.
  33. Haenni M, Hocquet D, Ponsin C, Cholley P, Guyeux C, Madec JY, Bertrand X. Population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from animal infections in France.. BMC Vet. Res. 2015;11:9.
  34. Islam MZ, Espinosa-Gongora C, Damborg P, Sieber RN, Munk R, Husted L, Moodley A, Skov R, Larsen J, Guardabassi L. Horses in denmark are a reservoir of diverse clones of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.. Front. Microbiol. 2017;8:543.
  35. Leonard FC, Markey BK. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals: a review.. Vet. J. 2008;175:27-36.
  36. Wieler LH, Ewers C, Guenther S, Walther B, Lübke-Becker A. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals: nosocomial infections as one reason for the rising prevalence of these potential zoonotic pathogens in clinical samples.. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2011;301:635-641.
  37. Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A, Carmeli Y, Klement E, Navon-Venezia S. Prevalence and risk factors for colonization with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococci species in hospitalized and farm horses in Israel.. Prev. Vet. Med. 2015;122:135-144.

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
  1. Symoens A, Gauthier ML, Paillette L, Allano M, Lavoie JP, Leclère M. Evolution of in vitro antimicrobial resistance at an equine hospital over 4 decades. Can Vet J 2025 Aug;66(8):903-910.
    pubmed: 40786736
  2. Kabir A, Lamichhane B, Habib T, Adams A, El-Sheikh Ali H, Slovis NM, Troedsson MHT, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Jul 29;13(8).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080713pubmed: 39200013google scholar: lookup
  3. Veiga RF, Clarindo LN, Fensterseifer AL, Pompelli LH, Sfaciotte RAP, Schwarz DGG, Eloy LR, Ferraz SM. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus equi isolated from horses in Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024 Dec;55(4):4147-4155.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-024-01479-8pubmed: 39155341google scholar: lookup
  4. Gravey F, Sévin C, Castagnet S, Foucher N, Maillard K, Tapprest J, Léon A, Langlois B, Le Hello S, Petry S. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from different clinical sources in horses. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1334555.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1334555pubmed: 38274763google scholar: lookup
  5. Pimenta J, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Cotovio M. Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resistances Watcher?. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Apr 21;12(4).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040792pubmed: 37107153google scholar: lookup
  6. Tyrnenopoulou P, Fthenakis GC. Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in the Reproductive System of Equids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Mar 28;12(4).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040664pubmed: 37107026google scholar: lookup
  7. Marshall K, Marsella R. Evolution of the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Horses in Florida over a 10-Year Period. Vet Sci 2023 Jan 18;10(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020071pubmed: 36851375google scholar: lookup
  8. Santibáñez R, Lara F, Barros TM, Mardones E, Cuadra F, Thomson P. Ocular Microbiome in a Group of Clinically Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 7;12(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12080943pubmed: 35454190google scholar: lookup
  9. Ang L, Vinderola G, Endo A, Kantanen J, Jingfeng C, Binetti A, Burns P, Qingmiao S, Suying D, Zujiang Y, Rios-Covian D, Mantziari A, Beasley S, Gomez-Gallego C, Gueimonde M, Salminen S. Gut Microbiome Characteristics in feral and domesticated horses from different geographic locations. Commun Biol 2022 Feb 25;5(1):172.
    doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03116-2pubmed: 35217713google scholar: lookup
  10. Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Liu B, Mi J, Li N, Zhao W, Wu R, Holyoak GR, Li J, Liu D, Zeng S, Wang Y. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Donkey Uterine Infections, 2018-2021. Vet Sci 2022 Feb 5;9(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020067pubmed: 35202320google scholar: lookup
  11. da Costa Pimenta J, Saavedra MJ, da Silva GJ, Cotovio M. Multidrug-resistant Serratia rubidaea strains in the oral microbiota of healthy horses. Open Vet J 2021 Oct-Dec;11(4):598-602.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.9pubmed: 35070854google scholar: lookup
  12. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Horses. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e07112.
    doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7112pubmed: 34987627google scholar: lookup
  13. Little SV, Hillhouse AE, Lawhon SD, Bryan LK. Analysis of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Carriage in Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Equids Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. mSphere 2021 Aug 25;6(4):e0019620.
    doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00196-20pubmed: 34346711google scholar: lookup
  14. Léon A, Castagnet S, Maillard K, Paillot R, Giard JC. Evolution of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Equine Clinical Isolates in France between 2016 and 2019. Animals (Basel) 2020 May 7;10(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10050812pubmed: 32392891google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,970 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.