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The Journal of veterinary medical science2024; 86(12); 1227-1232; doi: 10.1292/jvms.24-0236

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from cattle and horses with salmonellosis in Hokkaido, Japan.

Abstract: In recent years, reported cases of salmonellosis in cattle and horses in Hokkaido, Japan, have increased. To optimize antimicrobial therapy, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from these animals. Among 112 bovine isolates, high resistance rates were observed for streptomycin (92.0%), ampicillin (88.4%), and tetracycline (79.5%), while resistance rates for kanamycin (8.9%), ciprofloxacin (1.8%), gentamicin (0.0%), and colistin (0.0%) were low. Additionally, 18.8% of the bovine isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, and all of these cefotaxime-resistant isolates carried bla. Among 16 equine isolates, no resistance was observed to cefazolin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, colistin, or chloramphenicol. Gentamicin and kanamycin are recommended as the first-line treatment for salmonellosis in cattle, with fluoroquinolones as the second choice.
Publication Date: 2024-10-16 PubMed ID: 39414453PubMed Central: PMC11612240DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0236Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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Overview

  • This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella bacteria isolated from cattle and horses with salmonellosis in Hokkaido, Japan, to inform effective treatment strategies.

Background

  • Salmonellosis is a significant infectious disease affecting cattle and horses, causing gastrointestinal illness and economic losses.
  • Recent years have seen an increase in reported salmonellosis cases in Hokkaido, Japan.
  • Antimicrobial therapy is crucial for managing outbreaks, but rising antimicrobial resistance complicates treatment choices.
  • The study aimed to assess susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to various antibiotics to guide optimal treatment regimens.

Methods and Sample

  • A total of 112 Salmonella isolates were collected from cattle diagnosed with salmonellosis.
  • Additionally, 16 isolates were obtained from horses diagnosed with the disease.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to evaluate resistance to a panel of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practice.

Findings: Antimicrobial Resistance in Cattle Isolates

  • High resistance rates were observed to the following antibiotics:
    • Streptomycin: 92.0%
    • Ampicillin: 88.4%
    • Tetracycline: 79.5%
  • Low resistance rates were found for:
    • Kanamycin: 8.9%
    • Ciprofloxacin: 1.8%
    • Gentamicin and colistin: 0.0% (no resistance)
  • Notably, 18.8% of isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin.
  • All cefotaxime-resistant isolates carried the bla gene, which is typically associated with beta-lactamase enzyme production conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like cephalosporins.

Findings: Antimicrobial Resistance in Horse Isolates

  • Among the 16 equine isolates:
    • No resistance was detected against cefazolin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, colistin, or chloramphenicol.
    • This indicates a generally low level of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from horses compared to cattle.

Implications for Treatment

  • Based on resistance patterns, gentamicin and kanamycin are recommended as the first-choice antimicrobials for treating salmonellosis in cattle in this region.
  • Fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin), having low resistance rates, are considered the second-line treatment option.
  • The high resistance levels to commonly used antibiotics like streptomycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline suggest they may be less effective and should be used cautiously.
  • Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is essential to adapt treatment protocols over time and to prevent treatment failures.

Conclusion

  • This study highlights the concerning high resistance rates among Salmonella isolates from cattle, especially to older antibiotics, emphasizing the need for targeted antimicrobial use.
  • Salmonella isolates from horses showed lower resistance levels, indicating different resistance dynamics between animal species.
  • Veterinary practitioners in Hokkaido should consider these results when selecting antimicrobial agents for salmonellosis treatment to ensure efficacy and limit the spread of resistance.

Cite This Article

APA
Sasaki Y, Suzuki S, Kusaba N, Rahman N, Aikawa C, Okamura M. (2024). Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from cattle and horses with salmonellosis in Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci, 86(12), 1227-1232. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.24-0236

Publication

ISSN: 1347-7439
NlmUniqueID: 9105360
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 86
Issue: 12
Pages: 1227-1232

Researcher Affiliations

Sasaki, Yoshimasa
  • Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Suzuki, Shotaro
  • Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kusaba, Nobuyuki
  • Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Rahman, Nahid
  • Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Aikawa, Chihiro
  • Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Okamura, Masashi
  • Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Horses
  • Japan
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / epidemiology
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / drug therapy
  • Salmonella / drug effects
  • Salmonella / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Cattle Diseases / microbiology
  • Cattle Diseases / drug therapy
  • Cattle Diseases / epidemiology
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
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