FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of equine science2020; 31(4); 85-91; doi: 10.1294/jes.31.85

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses in Japan. A total of 212 fecal samples were individually collected from TB racehorses from March 2017 to August 2018 at Japan Racing Association training centers. E. coli was isolated by using selective agar media, deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose (DHL) and eosin methylene blue (EMB). A total of 417 E. coli isolates were examined against 10 antimicrobial agents by using the broth microdilution method. The 417 E. coli isolates were phylogenetically grouped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The highest proportion of resistance was observed for streptomycin (30.9%, 129/417) followed by ampicillin (19.4%, 81/417), trimethoprim (15.8%, 66/417), tetracycline (8.4%, 35/417), chloramphenicol (2.6%, 11/417), kanamycin (1.2%, 5/417), nalidixic acid (0.5%, 2/417), cefazolin (0.2%, 1/417), colistin (0.2%, 1/417), and gentamycin (0%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli was detected in 7.9% (33/417) of isolates. The proportions of resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol and of multidrug-resistant phenotypes in E. coli belonging to phylogenetic group B2 were significantly higher than those of other groups. This study clarified the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) E. coli in Japanese racehorses. A continuous monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance is required to control the spread of AMR bacteria in racehorses.
©2020 The Japanese Society of Equine Science.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-12-18 PubMed ID: 33376444PubMed Central: PMC7750643DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.85Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on examining the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria, collected from healthy thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. It sheds light on the resistance profiles to different antibiotics and their relation to the bacteria’s phylogenetic groups.

Collection and Isolation Method

  • The study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018. The researchers collected 212 fecal samples from thoroughbred racehorses at Japan Racing Association training centers.
  • They isolated the E. coli from these samples using selective agar media, namely deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose (DHL) and eosin methylene blue (EMB).
  • The process resulted in a total of 417 E. coli isolates.

Antimicrobial Resistance Test

  • All 417 E. coli isolates underwent a test for resistance using the broth microdilution method. This test checked the bacteria’s resistance to 10 antimicrobial agents.
  • The agents tested included streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, cefazolin, colistin, and gentamycin.
  • The study found that the E. coli samples showed the highest resistance to streptomycin at 30.9%, followed by ampicillin at 19.4%, and trimethoprim at 15.8%. The least resistance was for gentamycin, for which no resistance was observed.
  • In total, the study detected multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli in 7.9% of the isolates.

Phylogenetic Grouping and Resistance

  • After the resistance test, the isolates underwent multiplex polymerase chain reaction to be grouped phylogenetically. This allows the researchers to understand the genetic variations and evolution of the E. coli samples.
  • The study found that the proportions of resistance against certain antibiotics, specifically ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol, and of multidrug-resistant phenotypes were significantly higher in E. coli belonging to phylogenetic group B2 when compared to other groups.

Implications

  • This study provides a clearer picture of the presence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) E. coli in Japanese racehorses, which may help in managing antimicrobial resistance in animals.
  • The researchers suggest that there is a need for continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance to help control the spread of AMR bacteria among racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Sato W, Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Kanda T, Kusano K, Kambayashi Y, Sato T, Ishikawa Y, Toya R, Sueyoshi M. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. J Equine Sci, 31(4), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.85

Publication

Journal of equine science
ISSN: 1340-3516
NlmUniqueID: 9503751
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Pages: 85-91

Researcher Affiliations

Sato, Wataru
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
Sukmawinata, Eddy
  • Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
Uemura, Ryoko
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
  • Center for Animal Diseases Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
Kanda, Takuya
  • Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
Kusano, Kanichi
  • Miho Training Center, Racehorse Clinic, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0400, Japan.
Kambayashi, Yoshinori
  • Miho Training Center, Racehorse Clinic, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0400, Japan.
Sato, Takashi
  • Ritto Training Center, Racehorse Clinic, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3005, Japan.
Ishikawa, Yuhiro
  • Ritto Training Center, Racehorse Clinic, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3005, Japan.
Toya, Ryohei
  • Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
Sueyoshi, Masuo
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
  • Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.

References

This article includes 32 references
  1. Adams R, Smith J, Locke S, Phillips E, Erol E, Carter C, Odoi A. An epidemiologic study of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus species isolated from equine samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Feb 5;14(1):42.
    pmc: PMC5800099pubmed: 29402294doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1367-6google scholar: lookup
  2. Ahmed MO, Clegg PD, Williams NJ, Baptiste KE, Bennett M. Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from North West England.. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2010 Apr 7;9:12.
    pmc: PMC2867969pubmed: 20374640doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-12google scholar: lookup
  3. Álvarez-Narváez S, Berghaus LJ, Morris ERA, Willingham-Lane JM, Slovis NM, Giguere S, Cohen ND. A Common Practice of Widespread Antimicrobial Use in Horse Production Promotes Multi-Drug Resistance.. Sci Rep 2020 Jan 22;10(1):911.
    pmc: PMC6976650pubmed: 31969575doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57479-9google scholar: lookup
  4. Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Jouy E, Haenni M, Lupo A, Madec JY, Leblond A, Gay E. Co-resistance to Amoxicillin and Tetracycline as an Indicator of Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates From Animals.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2288.
    pmc: PMC6794424pubmed: 31649635doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02288google scholar: lookup
  5. . Antimicrobial resistance in horses.. Vet Rec 2018 Sep 15;183(10):316-318.
    pubmed: 30217910doi: 10.1136/vr.k3909google scholar: lookup
  6. Bryan J, Leonard N, Fanning S, Katz L, Duggan V. Antimicrobial resistance in commensal faecal Escherichia coli of hospitalised horses.. Ir Vet J 2010 Jun 1;63(6):373-9.
    pmc: PMC3113860pubmed: 21851747doi: 10.1186/2046-0481-63-6-373google scholar: lookup
  7. Chung YS, Song JW, Kim DH, Shin S, Park YK, Yang SJ, Lim SK, Park KT, Park YH. Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from national horse racetracks and private horse-riding courses in Korea.. J Vet Sci 2016 Jun 30;17(2):199-206.
    pmc: PMC4921668pubmed: 26645344doi: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.199google scholar: lookup
  8. Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000 Oct;66(10):4555-8.
    pmc: PMC92342pubmed: 11010916doi: 10.1128/aem.66.10.4555-4558.2000google scholar: lookup
  9. Doumith M, Day MJ, Hope R, Wain J, Woodford N. Improved multiplex PCR strategy for rapid assignment of the four major Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups.. J Clin Microbiol 2012 Sep;50(9):3108-10.
    pmc: PMC3421818pubmed: 22785193doi: 10.1128/jcm.01468-12google scholar: lookup
  10. Europian Committeenon Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testingn2019. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and done diameters (Version 9.0, valid from 2019–01-01). .
  11. Endo Y, Tsuchiya T, Omura T, Nakai K, Korosue K, Ishimaru M, Ishikawa Y, Hobo S. Effects of pre-shipping marbofloxacin administration on fever and blood properties in healthy Thoroughbreds transported a long distance.. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Jan;77(1):75-9.
    pmc: PMC4349540pubmed: 25720808doi: 10.1292/jvms.14-0336google scholar: lookup
  12. Gibson JS, Cobbold RN, Trott DJ. Characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from extraintestinal clinical infections in animals.. J Med Microbiol 2010 May;59(Pt 5):592-598.
    pubmed: 20093377doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.018002-0google scholar: lookup
  13. Hilbert M, Csadek I, Auer U, Hilbert F. Antimicrobial Resistance-Transducing Bacteriophages Isolated from Surfaces of Equine Surgery Clinics - A Pilot Study.. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017 Dec 18;7(4):296-302.
    pmc: PMC5793699pubmed: 29403658doi: 10.1556/1886.2017.00032google scholar: lookup
  14. Johns IC, Adams EL. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in equine bacterial isolates: 1999-2012.. Vet Rec 2015 Mar 28;176(13):334.
    pubmed: 25628448doi: 10.1136/vr.102708google scholar: lookup
  15. Kuroda T, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Shinzaki Y, Tamura N, Hobo S, Kuwano A. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and infection in Thoroughbred racehorses and veterinarians in Japan.. Vet Rec 2016 May 7;178(19):473.
    pubmed: 27114407doi: 10.1136/vr.103576google scholar: lookup
  16. Leite-Martins L, Mahú MI, Costa AL, Bessa LJ, Vaz-Pires P, Loureiro L, Niza-Ribeiro J, de Matos AJ, Martins da Costa P. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in faecal enterococci from vet-visiting pets and assessment of risk factors.. Vet Rec 2015 Jun 27;176(26):674.
    pubmed: 26078332doi: 10.1136/vr.102888google scholar: lookup
  17. Maddox TW, Clegg PD, Diggle PJ, Wedley AL, Dawson S, Pinchbeck GL, Williams NJ. Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 1: Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. Equine Vet J 2012 May;44(3):289-96.
    pubmed: 21848534doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00441.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  18. Maddox TW, Clegg PD, Williams NJ, Pinchbeck GL. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance.. Equine Vet J 2015 Nov;47(6):756-65.
    pubmed: 26084443doi: 10.1111/evj.12471google scholar: lookup
  19. Mizobe F, Mori M, Nagata SI, Yamashita S, Okada J, Kusano K. Presence of Antimicrobials in Postrace Samples in Japanese Thoroughbred Racing.. J Equine Vet Sci 2020 Aug;91:103115.
    pubmed: 32684260doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103115google scholar: lookup
  20. Moura I, Torres C, Silva N, Somalo S, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Genomic description of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and enterococci isolates from healthy Lusitano horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 33: 1057–1063.
  21. Niwa H, Anzai T, Izumiya H, Morita-Ishihara T, Watanabe H, Uchida I, Tozaki T, Hobo S. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from horses in Hokkaido, Japan.. J Vet Med Sci 2009 Aug;71(8):1115-9.
    pubmed: 19721370doi: 10.1292/jvms.71.1115google scholar: lookup
  22. . Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 26th ed.. CLSI Suppl. M100S 2016.
  23. Poirel L, Madec JY, Lupo A, Schink AK, Kieffer N, Nordmann P, Schwarz S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli.. Microbiol Spectr 2018 Jul;6(4).
    pubmed: 30003866doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0026-2017google scholar: lookup
  24. National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. Report on the JapanesenVeterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System 2014–2015. 2018.
  25. Sukmawinata E, Sato W, Mitoma S, Kanda T, Kusano K, Kambayashi Y, Sato T, Ishikawa Y, Goto Y, Uemura R, Sueyoshi M. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.. J Equine Sci 2019 Sep;30(3):47-53.
    pmc: PMC6773619pubmed: 31592106doi: 10.1294/jes.30.47google scholar: lookup
  26. Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Sato W, Mitoma S, Kanda T, Sueyoshi M. IncI1 Plasmid Associated with bla(CTX-M-2) Transmission in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorse, Japan.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020 Feb 7;9(2).
    pmc: PMC7167754pubmed: 32046117doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9020070google scholar: lookup
  27. Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Sato W, Thu Htun M, Sueyoshi M. Multidrug-Resistant ESBL/AmpC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorses in Japan.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Feb 25;10(3).
    pmc: PMC7143125pubmed: 32106501doi: 10.3390/ani10030369google scholar: lookup
  28. Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division, Health Service Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo. The AMR One Health Surveillance Committee Nippon AMR One Health Report (NAOR) 2018. 2018.
  29. van Balen J, Mowery J, Piraino-Sandoval M, Nava-Hoet RC, Kohn C, Hoet AE. Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance.. Vet Res 2014 Mar 19;45(1):31.
    pmc: PMC3974172pubmed: 24641543doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-31google scholar: lookup
  30. Van Duijkeren E, Vulto AG, Van Miert AS. Trimethoprim/sulfonamide combinations in the horse: a review.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1994 Feb;17(1):64-73.
    pubmed: 8196097doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00524.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  31. Weese JS. Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in horses.. Equine Vet J 2015 Nov;47(6):747-9.
    pubmed: 26475768doi: 10.1111/evj.12469google scholar: lookup
  32. World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2015.

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Wongtawan T, Narinthorn R, Sontigun N, Sansamur C, Petcharat Y, Fungwithaya P, Saengsawang P, Blackall PJ, Thomrongsuwannakij T. Characterizing the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli found in sport animals (fighting cocks, fighting bulls, and sport horses) and soils from their environment. Vet World 2022 Nov;15(11):2673-2680.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2673-2680pubmed: 36590125google scholar: lookup
  2. Amegayibor EF, Ohene Larbi R, Ayim-Akonor M, Ansa EDO, Thekkur P, Owusu H, Terry RF, Harries AD, Sasu BK, Hedidor GK, Mills RO. Prevalence of Antimicrobial and Colistin Resistance in Enterobacterales in Healthy Pigs in Ghana Before and After Farmer Education. Trop Med Infect Dis 2025 Sep 17;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10090266pubmed: 41003576google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.