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Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from equine orthopedic patients.
Abstract: Positive cultures were obtained from 60 equine orthopedic cases during a 12 year period (1974-1985). These cases consisted of 34 long or cuboidal bone fractures, 13 arthrotomy/arthroscopy procedures for removal or internal fixation of a fracture, 7 proximal splint bone fractures, and 6 facial or mandibular fractures. Excluding the 13 arthrotomies, only 10 (21%) of the 47 were open fractures. Multiple organisms were isolated from 36 cases (20 long or cuboidal bone fractures, 7 splint bone fractures, 5 mandibular fractures, and 4 intra-articular fractures). Of the 142 isolates, 35 (24%) were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 33 (23%) Streptococcus spp., and 25 (18%) Staphylococcus spp. with the majority being coagulase positive (65%). Other organisms isolated were Pseudomonas spp. (16, 11%), obligate anaerobes (11, 7%), and Actinobacillus spp. (7, 5%). the remaining 10% consisted of Pasteurella spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., and Actinomyces spp. When comparing results between two time periods (1974-1979 and 1980-1985) there was an increase in the percentage of coagulase positive staphylococci isolates resistant to all antimicrobics tested except oxacillin and amikacin, and Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to all but amikacin. For Pseudomonas spp., resistance to gentamicin increased in the second time period (1980-1986). During the initial time period (1974-1979) culture tests for obligate anerobes were not conducted until 1975. No anerobes were cultured during those initial 5 years; however, one third of those isolated after 1980 were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1987-05-01 PubMed ID: 3507142DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1987.tb00938.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The article focuses on evaluating the antimicrobial susceptibility of different microorganisms gathered from orthopedic cases in horses over a 12-year period. It notes an increased resistance to antibiotics in several bacterial strains over time.
Study Approach and Sample Base
- The study centered around 60 equine orthopedic cases from 1974-1985. These include fractures in long or cuboidal bones, arthrotomy/arthroscopy procedures, proximal splint bone fractures, and facial or mandibular fractures.
- Notably, multiple organisms were extracted from 36 of these cases, which made up a significant part of the 142 isolates studied.
Microorganisms Isolated
- Several types of bacterial isolates were found, with the family Enterobacteriaceae (24%), Streptococcus spp. (23%), and Staphylococcus spp. (18%, most of which were coagulase-positive) being the most common.
- Other notable microorganisms include Pseudomonas spp., obligate anaerobes, Actinobacillus spp., Pasteurella spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., and Actinomyces spp.
Antimicrobial Resistance Trends
- The results were divided into two timespans, 1974-1979 and 1980-1985, for comparison.
- During the latter period, there was a significant increase in the resistance of coagulase-positive staphylococci to various antibiotics, except for oxacillin and amikacin.
- Escherichia coli strains isolated also displayed resistance to all antimicrobials except amikacin.
- In the case of Pseudomonas spp., resistance to gentamicin grew in the second study period.
Anaerobic Bacteria
- While there were no obligate anaerobes cultured during the first five years (1974-1979), one-third of those isolated after 1980 showed resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, demonstrating the emergence and increase of antibiotic-resistant strains over time.
This research underscores the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine and calls for continuous research and adaptive treatment strategies in equine orthopedic care.
Cite This Article
APA
Snyder JR, Pascoe JR, Hirsh DC.
(1987).
Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from equine orthopedic patients.
Vet Surg, 16(3), 197-201.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1987.tb00938.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Bacteria / drug effects
- Fractures, Closed / microbiology
- Fractures, Closed / veterinary
- Fractures, Open / microbiology
- Fractures, Open / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Retrospective Studies
- Surgical Wound Infection / drug therapy
- Surgical Wound Infection / microbiology
- Surgical Wound Infection / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Takahashi F, Ochiai K, Nakahiro M, Shikano T, Yamamoto S, Tanabe T, Kakizaki T, Sato S, Kanno C, Maeda Y, Ando R, Kawaguchi H. Long-term treatments of osteomyelitis caused by metatarsal traumatic infections in Japanese black heifer and calf. Vet Res Commun 2024 Nov 30;49(1):46.
- Kabir A, Lamichhane B, Habib T, Adams A, El-Sheikh Ali H, Slovis NM, Troedsson MHT, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Jul 29;13(8).
- Isgren CM, Salem SE, Townsend NB, Timofte D, Maddox TW, Archer DC. Sequential bacterial sampling of the midline incision in horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy. Equine Vet J 2019 Jan;51(1):38-44.
- Nieto JE, Trela J, Stanley SD, Yamout S, Snyder JR. Pharmacokinetics of a combination of amikacin sulfate and penicillin G sodium for intravenous regional limb perfusion in adult horses. Can J Vet Res 2016 Jul;80(3):230-5.
- Butt TD, Bailey JV, Dowling PM, Fretz PB. Comparison of 2 techniques for regional antibiotic delivery to the equine forelimb: intraosseous perfusion vs. intravenous perfusion. Can Vet J 2001 Aug;42(8):617-22.
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