Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to the investigation of cadmium speciation in pig kidney following cooking and in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion.
Abstract: The speciation of cadmium in retail pig kidney has been examined by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled directly to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Approximately 35% of the cadmium from uncooked kidney was soluble after aqueous extraction at pH 8 and SEC - ICP-MS revealed three discrete peaks whose retention times corresponded to estimated relative molecular masses of 1.2 x 10(6), 7.0 x 10(4) and 6 x 10(3)-9 x 10(3). In the cooked kidney, 35% of the Cd was soluble and was all associated with a peak of a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 6 x 10(3)-9 x 10(3). After simulated gastric digestion of cooked pig kidney at pH 2.5, 60% of the cadmium was solubilised and associated with a species of Mr less than 1 x 10(3). When the digest was also subjected to simulated intestinal digestion at pH 6.8, a single peak, which corresponded to 20% of the original cadmium, was eluted. This peak co-eluted with the single peak extracted at pH 8.0 from the cooked kidney. It was also of similar estimated Mr to the single broad peak observed after simulated gastro-intestinal digestion of equine renal metallothionein (Mr = 1.1 x 10(4]. The results suggest that the majority of soluble cadmium in retail pig kidney is associated with a metallothionein-like protein that survives both cooking and simulated in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion.
Publication Date: 1989-08-01 PubMed ID: 2802167DOI: 10.1039/an9891400895Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article investigates how the speciation of cadmium in pig kidney changes due to cooking and simulated digestion processes. The study reveals that most soluble cadmium in pig kidney is associated with a protein similar to metallothionein, which remains intact after cooking and simulated digestion.
Objective of the Study
- The research focused on understanding the changes in cadmium speciation in pig kidneys due to cooking and simulated digestion. Cadmium speciation refers to the process of determining the chemical forms of cadmium present in a substance. This is important because the toxicity of cadmium depends on its chemical form.
Methodology
- The researchers performed size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) linked directly to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This technique is effective for separating different species of a substance based on their size and analysing their composition.
- The investigation was conducted on different stages of pig kidney: uncooked, cooked, after simulated gastric digestion, and after simulated intestinal digestion.
- For each stage, the team assessed how much of the cadmium was soluble, which means dissolved in water, how it was distributed, and which category of compound it was associated with.
Findings
- About 35% of the cadmium in uncooked and cooked pig kidney was soluble.
- After cooking the kidney, all soluble cadmium was tied to a distinct peak with a molecular mass between 6 x 10(3) and 9 x 10(3).
- Post-simulated gastric digestion, 60% of the cadmium was soluble, linked to a species with a molecular mass lower than 1 x 10(3).
- Following simulated intestinal digestion, a single peak was observed that corresponded to 20% of the initial cadmium level. This peak was similar to the single peak seen after the kidney was cooked.
- Most of the soluble cadmium in pig kidney was found to be associated with a protein akin to metallothionein. This protein managed to survive both cooking and simulated digestion processes.
Conclusion
- The findings suggest an implication for food safety, as the majority of cadmium in cooked pig kidney is linked to a metallothionein-like protein, which remains intact through both cooking and digestion. This may impact the absorption and toxicity of cadmium in the human body upon consumption.
Cite This Article
APA
Crews HM, Dean JR, Ebdon L, Massey RC.
(1989).
Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to the investigation of cadmium speciation in pig kidney following cooking and in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion.
Analyst, 114(8), 895-899.
https://doi.org/10.1039/an9891400895 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cadmium / analysis
- Cadmium / metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cooking
- Digestive System / metabolism
- Indicators and Reagents
- Kidney / analysis
- Mass Spectrometry
- Swine
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Langelcke C, Roussa E, Fenton RA, Thévenod F. Expression and function of the lipocalin-2 (24p3/NGAL) receptor in rodent and human intestinal epithelia.. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e71586.
- Byrdy FA, Caruso JA. Trace metals speciation by HPLC with plasma source mass spectrometry detection.. Environ Health Perspect 1995 Feb;103 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):21-3.
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