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Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2022; 12; 1029768; doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029768

Application of Toxoplasma gondii-specific SAG1, GRA7 and BAG1 proteins in serodiagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis.

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which is widely prevalent in humans and animals worldwide. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and distinguishing acute or chronic infections have utmost importance for humans and animals. The SAG1, GRA7, and BAG1 proteins were used in the present study to develop the serological rSAG1-ELISA, rGRA7-ELISA and rBAG1-ELISA methods for the testing of specific IgG and IgM antibodies and differentiating acute or chronic toxoplasmosis in 3733 animals, including Tibetan sheep, yaks, pigs, cows, cattle, horses, chickens, camels and donkeys from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The ELISA tests showed that the overall positivity of IgG antibody was 21.1% (786/3733), 15.3% (570/3733) and 18.2% (680/3733) for rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-ELISA, respectively, and the positivity of IgM antibody was 11.8% (439/3733), 13.0% (486/3733) and 11.8% (442/3733) for rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-ELISA, respectively. A total of 241 animals (6.5%) positive for all rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-IgG were found in this study, and the 141 animals (3.8%) tested were anti- IgM positive in all three ELISAs. Moreover, the 338, 284 and 377 animals were IgG positive in rSAG1 + rGRA7-, rBAG1 + rGRA7- and rSAG1 + rBAG1- ELISAs respectively, and the 346, 178 and 166 animals in rSAG1 + rGRA7-, rBAG1 + rGRA7- and rSAG1 + rBAG1-ELISAs were IgM positive respectively. The results confirmed that the application of SAG1, GRA7, and BAG1 recombinant antigens could successfully be used in the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies for distinguishing between acute or chronic infections. It is inferred that the forms in which current animal species in the plateau area were infected with , and the period of infection or the clinical manifestations of the current infections may be different. The present study provides substantial clinical evidence for the differential diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, and the classification of acute and chronic infections.
Copyright © 2022 Qi, Ai, Sun, Ma, Kang, You and Li.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-15 PubMed ID: 36590582PubMed Central: PMC9798413DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029768Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on using proteins specifically produced by Toxoplasma gondii (a parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis) to improve the detection of the disease in animals. The study explores protein-based ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) tests and evaluates their effectiveness in diagnosing acute and chronic infections in over 3700 animals across a range of species.

Objectives and Methods of the Study

  • The main aim of the study was to improve the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, a disease prevalent both in humans and animals, using three proteins produced by the parasite that causes the disease – SAG1, GRA7, and BAG1.
  • Researchers used the mentioned proteins to develop protein-based ELISA tests, rSAG1-ELISA, rGRA7-ELISA, and rBAG1-ELISA. These tests were designed to detect specific antibodies, IgG and IgM, indicative of either acute or chronic toxoplasmosis.
  • Test subjects included a variety of animal species from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau – Tibetan sheep, yaks, pigs, cows, cattle, horses, chickens, camels, and donkeys. A total of 3733 animals were tested.

Findings of the Study

  • The study revealed some success in using these proteins for diagnosis. In the case of IgG antibodies, the rate of detection was 21.1%, 15.3%, and 18.2% for the rSAG1, rGRA7, and rBAG1 tests, respectively. As for IgM antibodies, positivity rates were 11.8%, 13.0%, and 11.8% respectively.
  • Overall, 241 animals showed positive results for IgG antibodies in all three tests, and 141 for IgM antibodies.
  • The results also showed some animals testing positive for IgG and IgM in combined ELISA tests.

Implications of the Findings

  • The findings affirm that using the SAG1, GRA7, and BAG1 antigens can provide a successful method for detecting antibodies that signal acute or chronic toxoplasmosis.
  • The research indicates varying susceptibility among animal species in the sampled area and different stages of infection along with unique clinical manifestations.
  • Thus, it offers valuable potential for improving diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, helping to differentiate between acute and chronic cases of the disease. Better diagnosis can lead to more effective management and treatment of this disease in animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Qi T, Ai J, Sun Y, Ma H, Kang M, You X, Li J. (2022). Application of Toxoplasma gondii-specific SAG1, GRA7 and BAG1 proteins in serodiagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 12, 1029768. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029768

Publication

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
ISSN: 2235-2988
NlmUniqueID: 101585359
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 1029768
PII: 1029768

Researcher Affiliations

Qi, Tongsheng
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Ai, Jingkai
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Sun, Yali
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Ma, Hejia
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Kang, Ming
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
You, Xiaoqian
  • Qinghai Animal Disease Control Center, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Qinghai Province, Xining, China.
Li, Jixu
  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
  • Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Female
  • Cattle
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Swine
  • Sheep
  • Toxoplasma
  • Toxoplasmosis, Animal / diagnosis
  • Protozoan Proteins
  • Antigens, Protozoan
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Antibodies, Protozoan
  • Chickens
  • Serologic Tests / methods
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Immunoglobulin M

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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