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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(6); doi: 10.3390/ani13061070

Assessment of P Wave Indices in Healthy Standardbred Horses.

Abstract: P wave indices are used as non-invasive electrocardiographic markers of atrial remodelling in humans. Few studies have investigated their use in animals. The aim of this study was to measure P wave duration and P wave dispersion (Pd) in healthy standardbred horses and investigate variables that might influence these measurements. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded at rest and P wave indices were calculated in 53 horses. A general linear model was used to investigate the main effects: age, bodyweight, sex, resting heart rate, presence of a murmur, exercise status and the number of years raced. There were significant associations with exercise status for both the maximum P wave duration and Pd, with both values being increased in strenuously exercising versus non-active horses. Furthermore, a significant moderate positive correlation was identified between the duration of exercise (number of years raced) and both Pmax and Pd. No other significant associations were identified. These findings are similar to those reported in elite human athletes versus sedentary individuals. The increases in these P wave indices most likely occur due to prolongation and heterogeneity in atrial conduction time, which are associated with structural and electrical remodelling, and may explain the increased risk of atrial fibrillation in athletic horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-03-16 PubMed ID: 36978611PubMed Central: PMC10044338DOI: 10.3390/ani13061070Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study is related to the use of P wave indices, a type of electrocardiographic marker, in standardbred horses to detect changes in their cardiovascular system due to factors such as age, weight, sex, heart rate at rest, presence of murmurs, exercise status, and the number of years raced.

Overview of the Study

  • This research was conducted to measure P wave duration and P wave dispersion (Pd) in healthy standardbred horses, and to investigate the factors that may affect these measurements.
  • The study took into consideration variables such as the age of the horse, its bodyweight, sex, resting heart rate, presence of a murmur, its exercise status, and the number of years it has raced.
  • The P wave indices were calculated using a 12-lead electrocardiogram recorded at rest for 53 standardbred horses. A general linear model was used to analyze the correlations.

Results of the Study

  • The study found significant associations between the P wave indices and the exercise status of the horses, revealing higher values for strenuously active horses compared to inactive ones.
  • A moderate positive correlation was also noted between the duration of exercise (number of years raced) and both Pmax (maximum P wave duration) and Pd (P wave dispersion).
  • However, no significant associations were identified between P wave indices and other variables like age, weight, sex, heart rate at rest, or the presence of murmurs.

Comparison with Human Studies

  • The findings paralleled already-known information in human studies, where P wave indices are increased in elite athletes versus sedentary individuals.

Implications of the Study

  • The increase in P wave indices is possibly linked to a prolongation and heterogeneity in atrial conduction time, which in turn may be associated with structural and electrical remodeling of the heart.
  • This could potentially explain the increased risk of atrial fibrillation in athletic horses.
  • The findings could potentially contribute to veterinary medicine by allowing for the use of non-invasive P wave indices as potential markers of atrial remodeling in animals, specifically horses.

Cite This Article

APA
White R, Nath L, Hebart M, Franklin S. (2023). Assessment of P Wave Indices in Healthy Standardbred Horses. Animals (Basel), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061070

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 6

Researcher Affiliations

White, Rebecca
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
Nath, Laura
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
Hebart, Michelle
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
Franklin, Samantha
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / University of Adelaide
  • N/A / Racing Victoria

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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