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Anatomia, histologia, embryologia2021; 50(5); 839-848; doi: 10.1111/ahe.12726

Assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: In humans and pets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important adjunctive anatomic information about the thyroid and its adjacent structures. To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies have been reported regarding the use of MRI for thyroid evaluation in horses. The aim of this study was to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by MRI. Eleven horses were submitted to thyroid MRI evaluation. The healthy thyroid of these animals was ensured by normal examinations performed before (free thyroxine and ultrasound) and after (cytology) to MRI. It was concluded that the dorsal spin-echo T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, sagittal STIR and a three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo were the sequences that best characterized the thyroid lobes. Qualitatively, there was a significant variation in the elliptical format of some lobes considering the sagittal plane, which oscillated between rounded and flattened conformation. Excellent reproducibility of the quantitative thyroid parameters obtained was verified. The thyroid gland total volume mean of observers was 14.31 cm (±0.69). In relation with comparisons between quantitative parameters of left and right lobes, only differences regarding their respective lengths were observed. Thus, we can infer that the difference in some thyroid lobes format can be explained by the significant variation identified between left and right lobes lengths.
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-28 PubMed ID: 34318942DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12726Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study aims to establish baseline qualitative and quantitative parameters for healthy horse thyroid glands using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It concludes that certain MRI sequences best characterize the thyroid lobes, and there is significant variation in morphology among lobes, particularly in terms of their lengths.

Objective of the Research:

  • The research intended to fill a gap in studies involving MRI usage to evaluate thyroid health in horses. While similar research had been conducted in humans and pets, equine studies were lacking.

Methodology:

  • Eleven horses, whose thyroid health was confirmed through other examinations like free thyroxine tests, ultrasound, and cytology, underwent MRI evaluation for this study.
  • The team used several MRI sequence types, including dorsal spin-echo T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, sagittal STIR, and a three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo.

Findings:

  • The sequences that best characterized the thyroid lobes were the ones mentioned above. These sequences provided the most consistent and accurate images for evaluation.
  • The results show that the formation of thyroid lobes varied significantly, particularly in the sagittal plane. This variation swung between two extremes: a rounded or a flattened conformation.
  • The measurements taken had excellent reproducibility, meaning the results were consistent and could reliably be reproduced in other tests.
  • The average total volume of the thyroid gland was about 14.31 cubic centimeters (+/-0.69).
  • A significant difference was observed between the lengths of the left and right lobes. This finding may explain the observed variations in lobe shapes. Overall, the study provides insight into the morphology of the thyroid gland in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Viana GF, Midon M, Fonseca MW, Hataka A, Carandina L, Bueno LMC, Puoli Filho JNP, Machado VMV. (2021). Assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by magnetic resonance imaging. Anat Histol Embryol, 50(5), 839-848. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12726

Publication

Anatomia, histologia, embryologia
ISSN: 1439-0264
NlmUniqueID: 7704218
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 5
Pages: 839-848

Researcher Affiliations

Viana, Gustavo Fernandes
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Midon, Monica
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Fonseca, Mariana Werneck
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Hataka, Alessandre
  • Department of Veterinary Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Carandina, Luciana
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Bueno, Laís Melício Cintra
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Puoli Filho, José Nicolau Próspero
  • Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Machado, Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / veterinary
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Thyroid Gland / diagnostic imaging

Grant Funding

  • Sao Paulo Research Foundation

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