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Frontiers in veterinary science2025; 12; 1598038; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1598038

Association between radiographic equine distal phalanx characteristics and absence, presence and type of horseshoes.

Abstract: Most horses are used with horseshoes additionally supported by either dorsoabaxial or dorsal clips. The effects of such clips on bone density and shape of the distal phalanx are currently unclear. The aim of this study was to identify correlations between density and shape of the distal phalanx, comparing front hooves unshod or shod with standard shoes either with two dorsoabaxial clips or with a single dorsal clip. Researchers analyzed Oxspring radiographs of either the left or right front hoof from warmblood horses ( = 137) and ponies ( = 43) aged 3-28 years. The evaluation focused on distal phalanx density at the margo solearis, particularly at three locations corresponding to the clip positions: dorsomedial, dorsal, and dorsolateral. The study examined horse related variables such as age, breed, use, and shoeing type in relation to density parameters, presence of a crena marginalis solearis, an anatomical variation that is an indentation dorsal on the margo solearis, and the shape of the distal phalanx. Distal phalanges of hooves shod with dorsoabaxial clips showed a significantly ( < 0.001) lower width to length ratio (median 1.31, minimum 0.70, maximum 1.66) compared to those with a single dorsal clip (median 1.40, minimum 0.89, maximum 1.75). The width to length ratio of unshod hooves (median 1.37, minimum 0.80, maximum 1.82) was not significantly different from both groups of shod hooves. The results of this study should be considered when selecting horseshoes for equids.
Copyright © 2025 Ennsmann and Licka.
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Publication Date: 2025-07-25 PubMed ID: 40786980PubMed Central: PMC12333595DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1598038Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research conducted looks into the impact of different types of horseshoes on the bone density and shape of a horse’s distal phalanx, with specific interest in any correlations. It uses data from radiographs of horses’ hooves and also considers variables like age, breed, and use of the horse.

Research Context and Aim

  • This study delves into the impact of different types of horseshoes and clips on a horse’s distal phalanx – the bone within the hoof. The effect that the use of dorsal clips or dorsoabaxial clips has on the bone density and shape of the distal phalanx is not well-understood, despite most horses being fitted with horseshoes supported by one of these clips.
  • The objective of the research was to find any correlations between the shape and density of the distal phalanx, and whether the front hooves were unhorsehoed or equipped with standard shoes with either two dorsoabaxial clips or a single dorsal clip.

Methodology

  • The researchers carried out an analysis of radiographs (a type of X-ray image) from the front hooves of warmblood horses and ponies aged 3-28 years.
  • The evaluation was especially focused on investigating the density of the distal phalanx at the margo solearis in three specific locations, which correspond with the positions of the clips: dorsomedial, dorsal, and dorsolateral.
  • In addition, a variety of horse-related factors were considered including age, breed, functionality (use), and the type of shoeing. They analyzed these elements in relation to density parameters, the presence of a crena marginalis solearis (which is an anatomical variation of an indentation at the dorsal on the margo solearis), and the overall shape of the distal phalanx.

Results

  • It was discovered that the hooves shod with dorsoabaxial clips had a significantly lower width to length ratio compared to hooves with a single dorsal clip.
  • No significant difference was found between the width to length ratio of unshod hooves and both groups of shod hooves.

Implications

  • The findings suggest that the type of horseshoe used can influence the shape and density of the distal phalanx in horses. This knowledge could be crucial for vets, farriers, and horse owners when deciding on the best type of horseshoe for a horse’s well-being.

Cite This Article

APA
Ennsmann LH, Licka TF. (2025). Association between radiographic equine distal phalanx characteristics and absence, presence and type of horseshoes. Front Vet Sci, 12, 1598038. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1598038

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 1598038
PII: 1598038

Researcher Affiliations

Ennsmann, Lisa Henrietta
  • Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Licka, Theresia Franziska
  • Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Large Animal Hospital, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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