Association of globulin concentrations with prognosis in horses with lymphoma.
Abstract: Lymphoma is the most common hemopoietic neoplasia in horses. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities in equine lymphoma include hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and lymphocytosis. Hypoglobulinemia has been reported in other species with lymphoma, however it has not been well-described in horses. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of hypoglobulinemia in equine lymphoma, and to identify prognosis and clinicopathological abnormalities associated with serum globulin concentrations. Unassigned: Ninety-six horses with lymphoma were investigated in this retrospective study. Patients were allocated into groups based on serum globulin concentration. Survival analysis was performed to determine risk factors associated with globulin concentration and outcome. Unassigned: Nineteen horses were hypoglobulinemic (≤2.1 g/dL), 63/98 were normoglobulinemic (2.2-4.3 g/dL), and 16/98 were hyperglobulinemic (≥4.4 g/dL). Hyperglobulinemia was associated with a higher anion gap (P = 0.0005), lower bicarbonate (P = 0.006), sodium (P = 0.03) and chloride concentrations (P = 0.002), and higher total protein than hypoglobulinemic horses (P < 0.0001). For location, 37% of horses with mucocutaneous lymphoma were hypoglobulinemic, compared to none in the hyperglobulinemic group (P = 0.02). Survival times were significantly different between low, normal and high globulin groups (P = 0.0002, median [range] survival times: 333 [1-3792], 43 [1-4,001] and 4 [1-129] days, respectively). Significant risk factors for shortened time to death were hyperglobulinemia (HR 2.4, P = 0.02), T cell lymphoma (HR 3.5, P < 0.0001), and multicentric (HR 3.1, P = 0.0008) and mediastinal (HR 6.4, P = 0.006) forms of lymphoma. Lack of chemotherapy was associated with shortened survival time (HR 4.5, P < 0.0001). B cell lymphomas (P < 0.0001) and mucocutaneous lymphoma location (P < 0.0001) were associated with longer survival times. Unassigned: Serum globulin concentrations are associated with location of lymphoma, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and survival times in equine lymphoma.
Copyright © 2023 Wensley, Berryhill and Magdesian.
Publication Date: 2023-01-09 PubMed ID: 36699338PubMed Central: PMC9868912DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1086010Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research investigates the prevalence of reduced globulin concentrations (hypoglobulinemia) in horses with lymphoma, and the influence of this on their prognosis and clinicopathological abnormalities. It found that the level of globulin is linked to lymphoma location, clinical features, and survival rates.
Study Design and Information
- The research is retrospective in nature and involved 96 horses diagnosed with lymphoma.
- The horses were classified into groups according to their serum globulin concentration.
- An analysis was then performed to determine the risk factors relating to globulin concentration and the outcomes for the horses.
Findings from the Study
- Out of the total, 19 horses exhibited hypoglobulinemia, whilst 63 represented normoglobinemia, and 16 were classified under hyperglobulinemia.
- The study concluded that hyperglobulinemia was associated with certain health parameters such as increased anion gap, decreased bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride concentrations, as well as increased total protein. These horses also lived for a shorter period than horses with normoglobulinemia or hypoglobulinemia.
- When taken into consideration the lymphoma location, a significant 37% of horses suffering from mucocutaneous lymphoma demonstrated hypoglobulinemia. On the contrary, none of the horses with hyperglobulinemia had this type of lymphoma. This suggests a correlation between lymphoma location and globulin concentrations.
Factors that Influence Survival Time
- The study showed significant variations in survival times among the horses exhibiting low, normal, and high globulin levels.
- Risk factors identified for a reduced survival time included: hyperglobulinemia, T cell lymphoma, and multicentric and mediastinal forms of lymphoma.
- The study also identified that horses not treated with chemotherapy had shorter survival times.
- Longer survival times were noticed in horses with B cell lymphomas and those with a mucocutaneous lymphoma location.
Conclusion of the Study
- The research concluded that serum globulin concentrations in horses with lymphoma have an association with lymphoma’s location, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and survival times.
Cite This Article
APA
Wensley FM, Berryhill EH, Magdesian KG.
(2023).
Association of globulin concentrations with prognosis in horses with lymphoma.
Front Vet Sci, 9, 1086010.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1086010 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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