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Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2024; 13(8); 905; doi: 10.3390/antiox13080905

Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not Alter Training-Related Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Arabian Racing Horses.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the oral supplementation of astaxanthin (ATX) on inflammatory markers in 3-year-old Arabian racehorses. Despite the recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ATX observed in vitro in rodent models and in human athletes, the effects in equine subjects remain unknown. This study involved a controlled trial with 14 horses receiving either ATX (six horses) or a placebo (eight horses), monitored over four months of race training. Inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E (PGE), were measured monthly to assess the impact of ATX on the inflammatory response. The results indicated no significant differences in measured parameters between the ATX and the control group during the study. However, a significant time-dependent decrease in TNFα and IFNγ levels ( = 0.001) was observed in both groups, suggesting that regular training naturally modulates inflammatory responses. Moreover, positive correlations were noted between TNFα and IFNγ ( < 0.001) in the early phase of the study and between IL-6 and IL-10 ( = 0.008) in the later phase. Hematological parameters remained stable and within reference ranges, indicating no adverse effects of ATX supplementation. Performance metrics, including the number of races completed and wins, showed no significant differences between groups, suggesting that ATX did not enhance athletic performance under the study conditions. Overall, while ATX supplementation affected neither cytokine levels nor performance in Arabian racehorses, the natural anti-inflammatory effects of regular training were evident. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of ATX supplementation under different conditions, such as in horses with subclinical inflammation or varying training regimens, to fully clarify its role and applications in equine sports medicine.
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Publication Date: 2024-07-26 PubMed ID: 39199150PubMed Central: PMC11351528DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080905Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effects of supplementing Arabian racehorses’ diet with astaxanthin (ATX), a known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, on their body’s inflammatory markers. It found no significant impact on the inflammation levels or the performance of the horses during their training period.

Research Methodology

  • The study was a controlled trial involving 14 Arabian racehorses aged 3.
  • These horses were divided into two groups. One group of six horses was administered oral ATX supplement, while the other eight received a placebo.
  • The effects of the supplementation were studied over a race training period of four months.
  • During this time, the change in levels of certain inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E (PGE) were carefully monitored.

Research Findings

  • Detailed analysis of the data indicated no significant differences in the levels of measured inflammatory markers between the horses that received ATX and those that received the placebo.
  • Regardless of ATX supplementation, both groups of horses showed a significant time-dependent decrease in TNFα and IFNγ levels. This result suggests that regular training itself has inherent anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Positive correlations were discovered between certain pairs of cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ; IL-6 and IL-10) in the ATX supplement and placebo groups during different phases of the study.
  • All the horses’ hematological parameters were within the reference range, indicating that ATX supplementation did not have any adverse effects.
  • Similarly, the performance metrics of the horses, including their completed races and victories, showed no significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that ATX did not improve the athletic performance of the horses under the conditions of this study.

Overall Conclusions and Future Research

  • The study concluded that ATX supplementation does not alter the inflammatory cytokine profile or affect the performance of Arabian racehorses during their training.
  • However, the researchers suggest further research under different conditions. For instance, ATX supplementation’s impact on horses with subclinical inflammation or following different training regimens could yield different results.
  • These investigations are essential to fully clarify ATX’s role in equine sports medicine and understand its potential benefits better.

Cite This Article

APA
Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold B, Kulka M, Czopowicz M, Szarska E, Strzelec K, Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Wiśniewska M, Jędrzejkowska Z, Rumińska A, Marycz K, Cywińska A. (2024). Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not Alter Training-Related Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Arabian Racing Horses. Antioxidants (Basel), 13(8), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080905

Publication

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
NlmUniqueID: 101668981
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
PII: 905

Researcher Affiliations

Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold, Beata
  • Doctoral School, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Kulka, Marek
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Czopowicz, Michał
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Szarska, Ewa
  • Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-001 Warsaw, Poland.
Strzelec, Katarzyna
  • Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Grzeczka, Arkadiusz
  • Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
  • Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Graczyk, Szymon
  • Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
  • Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Wiśniewska, Marta
  • Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Jędrzejkowska, Zofia
  • Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Rumińska, Aleksandra
  • Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Marycz, Krzysztof
  • International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95516, USA.
Cywińska, Anna
  • Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold B, Pajuelo D, Steczkiewicz Z, Cywinska A, Marycz K. Astaxanthin supplementation in Arabian racing horses mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells through enhanced mitophagy. Sci Rep 2025 Apr 26;15(1):14633.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93661-7pubmed: 40287452google scholar: lookup
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