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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / Asynchronous Embryo Transfer Followed by Comparative Transcr...
International journal of molecular sciences2020; 21(7); 2562; doi: 10.3390/ijms21072562

Asynchronous Embryo Transfer Followed by Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Conceptus Membranes and Endometrium Identifies Processes Important to the Establishment of Equine Pregnancy.

Abstract: Preimplantation horse conceptuses require nutrients and signals from histotroph, the composition of which is regulated by luteal progesterone and conceptus-secreted factors. To distinguish progesterone and conceptus effects we shortened the period of endometrial progesterone-priming by asynchronous embryo transfer. Day 8 embryos were transferred to synchronous (day 8) or asynchronous (day 3) recipients, and RNA sequencing was performed on endometrium and conceptuses recovered 6 and 11 days later (embryo days 14 and 19). Asynchrony resulted in many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in conceptus membranes (3473) than endometrium (715). Gene ontology analysis identified upregulation in biological processes related to organogenesis and preventing apoptosis in synchronous conceptuses on day 14, and in cell adhesion and migration on day 19. Asynchrony also resulted in large numbers of DEGs related to 'extracellular exosome'. In endometrium, genes involved in immunity, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis regulation were upregulated during synchronous pregnancy and, again, many genes related to extracellular exosome were differentially expressed. Interestingly, only 14 genes were differentially expressed in endometrium recovered 6 days after synchronous versus 11 days after asynchronous transfer (day 14 recipient in both). Among these, and were consistently upregulated in synchronous endometrium. Furthermore bradykinin, an active peptide cleaved from KNG1, stimulated prostaglandin release by cultured trophectoderm cells. The horse conceptus thus responds to a negatively asynchronous uterus by extensively adjusting its transcriptome, whereas the endometrial transcriptome is modified only subtly by a more advanced conceptus.
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Publication Date: 2020-04-07 PubMed ID: 32272720PubMed Central: PMC7177982DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072562Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores how preimplantation horse embryos adjust their gene expression in response to changes in the maturational status of the uterus. By transferring a Day 8 embryo into a Day 3 uterus (asynchronous) versus a Day 8 uterus (synchronous), the researchers found significant differences in gene expression between the two scenarios, providing insights into the processes important for the establishment of equine pregnancy.

Research Methodology

  • The research was undertaken by extrapolating Day 8 horse embryos and implanting them into synchronous (Day 8) uterine environment or into asynchronous (Day 3) uterine environment.
  • RNA sequencing was then conducted on both the endometrium (uterine lining) and the embryos themselves (conceptuses), 6 and 11 days post-implantation, corresponding to Days 14 and 19 of the embryo’s development.

Findings and Interpretations

  • The results showed that the state of asynchrony led to more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the conceptus membranes (3,473 genes) than in the endometrium (715 genes).
  • Gene ontology analysis was also performed to understand the biological functions of these DEGs. Findings showed upregulation of processes related to organ development and apoptosis prevention in conceptuses in a synchronous environment on Day 14. By Day 19, cell adhesion and migration processes were prominent.
  • The asynchronous environment led to significant changes in gene expression related to ‘extracellular exosome’, a type of cell communication.
  • The endometrium also showed altered gene expression during synchronous pregnancy, including upregulation of genes involved in immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis regulation. The changes in the endometrium were more subtle than in the conceptus.
  • Only 14 genes were differentially expressed in the endometrium when comparing Day 6 synchronously transferred embryos to Day 11 asynchronously transferred embryos. Two genes, KNG1 and CYP19A1, were consistently upregulated in the synchronous environment.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The research thus concludes that the horse conceptus adapts to an environmentally mismatched uterus by extensively modifying its gene expression. The uterus, in contrast, adjusts its gene expression minimally in response to a more advanced conceptus.
  • The upregulation of specific genes like KNG1 (which encodes bradykinin) also highlight potential communication pathways between the endometrium and conceptus. This could help in understanding and improving equine pregnancy outcomes.

Cite This Article

APA
Gibson C, de Ruijter-Villani M, Bauersachs S, Stout TAE. (2020). Asynchronous Embryo Transfer Followed by Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Conceptus Membranes and Endometrium Identifies Processes Important to the Establishment of Equine Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci, 21(7), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072562

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 7
PII: 2562

Researcher Affiliations

Gibson, Charlotte
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
de Ruijter-Villani, Marta
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bauersachs, Stefan
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau (ZH), Switzerland.
Stout, Tom A E
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Embryo Transfer / methods
  • Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism
  • Embryo, Mammalian / physiology
  • Embryonic Development / physiology
  • Endometrium / metabolism
  • Endometrium / physiology
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Membranes / metabolism
  • Membranes / physiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Transcriptome / physiology
  • Up-Regulation / physiology
  • Uterus / metabolism
  • Uterus / physiology

Grant Funding

  • PITN-GA-2012-317146-EpiHealthNet / FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Gibson C, de Ruijter-Villani M, Stout TAE. Insulin-like growth factor system components expressed at the conceptus-maternal interface during the establishment of equine pregnancy.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:912721.
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  3. Bauersachs S, Almiñana C. Embryo-Maternal Interactions Underlying Reproduction in Mammals.. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jul 10;21(14).
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