Attempts to modify reperfusion injury of equine jejunal mucosa using dimethylsulfoxide, allopurinol, and intraluminal oxygen.
Abstract: This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.
Publication Date: 1994-07-01 PubMed ID: 8091626DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00478.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates how reperfusion injury in horse intestinal tissue can be minimized using drugs allopurinol and dimethyl sulfoxide, or by oxygen inhalation. However, none of the methods tested displayed significant benefits in injury reduction or enhancement of tissue regeneration.
Objective
- The primary aim of the research was to investigate and compare the severity of ischemic injury on the horse’s jejunal mucosa caused by two types of obstruction- arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) and venous obstruction (VO), with that resulting from reperfusion (restoration of blood flow) after ischemia (a period with little or no blood flow).
- The researchers also sought to see if the injury from reperfusion could be reduced by the administration of allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or intraluminal oxygen insufflation.
Methodology
- The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was evaluated according to a modified model used for assessing ischemic injury.
- Biopsy samples were analysed which were taken after the tissue underwent 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after these periods of obstruction were followed by an hour of reperfusion.
Findings
- Results showed that the severity of the injury (characterized by the shedding of epithelial layers, loss of villus architecture, and crypt cell necrosis) did not change when ischemia lasted for 4 hours compared to 3 hours.
- The injury scores saw an increase during reperfusion in the VO and AVO models, but only the scores for the AVO model were statistically significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone.
Implication of Results
- Using intravenous allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or oxygen inhalation at the time of release of the AVO and VO did not significantly alter either the severity of reperfusion injury or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion.
- These findings suggest that while ischemic injury to the jejunal mucosa can be caused by both AVO and VO, reperfusion after the ischemic period can exacerbate the damage.
- More importantly, the standard methods of mitigating such reperfusion injury— administration of certain drugs and oxygen insufflation— did not prove effective in this study. This calls for more research into alternative prevention strategies for reperfusion injury in equine jejunal mucosa.
Cite This Article
APA
Horne MM, Pascoe PJ, Ducharme NG, Barker IK, Grovum WL.
(1994).
Attempts to modify reperfusion injury of equine jejunal mucosa using dimethylsulfoxide, allopurinol, and intraluminal oxygen.
Vet Surg, 23(4), 241-249.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00478.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Allopurinol / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
- Ischemia / drug therapy
- Jejunum / pathology
- Jejunum / surgery
- Oxygen / administration & dosage
- Penicillin G Procaine / therapeutic use
- Postoperative Care / veterinary
- Premedication / veterinary
- Reperfusion Injury / drug therapy
- Reperfusion Injury / pathology
- Reperfusion Injury / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Bardell D, Rocchigiani G, Ressel L, Milner P. Histological Evaluation of Resected Tissue as a Predictor of Survival in Horses with Strangulating Small Intestinal Disease. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 26;13(17).
- Grages AM, Verhaar N, Pfarrer C, Breves G, Burmester M, Neudeck S, Kästner S. Low Flow versus No Flow: Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury Following Different Experimental Models in the Equine Small Intestine. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 22;12(16).
- Nadatani Y, Watanabe T, Shimada S, Otani K, Tanigawa T, Fujiwara Y. Microbiome and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018 Jul;63(1):26-32.
- Chen L, Cai P, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Fang J. Pharmacological postconditioning with atorvastatin calcium attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by phosphorylating GSK3β. Exp Ther Med 2017 Jul;14(1):25-34.
- Sasaki M, Joh T. Oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury in gastrointestinal tract and antioxidant, protective agents. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007 Jan;40(1):1-12.
- Faleiros RR, Macoris DG, Alves GE, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Moore RM. Local and remote lesions in horses subjected to small colon distension and decompression. Can J Vet Res 2008 Jan;72(1):68-76.
- Mirza MH, Oliver JL, Seahorn TL, Hosgood G, Moore RM. Detection and comparison of nitric oxide in clinically normal horses and those with naturally acquired small intestinal strangulation obstruction. Can J Vet Res 1999 Oct;63(4):230-40.
- Grulke S, Benbarek H, Caudron I, Deby-Dupont G, Mathy-Hartert M, Farnir F, Deby C, Lamy M, Serteyn D. Plasma myeloperoxidase level and polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation in horses suffering from large intestinal obstruction requiring surgery: preliminary results. Can J Vet Res 1999 Apr;63(2):142-7.
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