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Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2023; 54(2); 1157-1167; doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-00912-8

Bacteria and antimicrobial resistance profile during the composting process of wastes from animal production.

Abstract: Livestock waste is widely used in agriculture. Although they provide benefits to the soil, and consequently to plants, they have the potential to contaminate the environment, as they contain pathogenic microorganisms and determinants of antimicrobial resistance, if not properly managed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of composting horse bedding and poultry litter in organic and conventional production systems on the occurrence of bacteria in the Enterobacteriales order and to identify their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Bacterial strains were isolated from Salmonella-Shigella and eosin methylene blue solid media from animal waste during the composting process that was conducted for 125 days. After isolation, the strains were identified by the MALDI-TOF technique; the disk diffusion test was then performed for phenotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 158 bacterial strains were isolated during composting of three wastes. The Enterobacteriaceae family was the most abundant, whereas Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were the species with the highest percentage in the wastes, which also exhibited a multi-resistance profile. Poultry litter showed a greater abundance of resistant bacteria than horse bedding did. Similarly, a greater number of resistant bacteria was detected in conventional poultry litter than in organic poultry litter. The results obtained reinforce that animal wastes are reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials and highlight the importance of developing management strategies that aim to reduce and/or eliminate these contaminants to guarantee their safe use in agriculture.
© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.
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Publication Date: 2023-02-09 PubMed ID: 36757538PubMed Central: PMC10235383DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00912-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in livestock waste used as compost in both organic and conventional farming systems. The findings suggest that poultry litter contained more resistant bacteria than horse bedding and highlights the need for effective strategies to reduce such contaminants.

Study Purpose and Methodology

  • The researchers sought to understand the impact of composting waste from different animals, in this case, horse bedding and poultry litter, on the presence of bacteria from the Enterobacteriales order and their respective resistance to antimicrobials.
  • To achieve this, they conducted their experiment over 125 days, taking samples from the composting animal waste and isolating bacterial strains using Salmonella-Shigella and eosin methylene blue solid media.
  • Identification of these strains was accomplished using the MALDI-TOF technique, a form of mass spectrometry, followed by a disc diffusion test to determine their resistance to different antimicrobial substances.

Findings

  • The research identified a total of 158 different bacterial strains across three types of animal waste.
  • The majority of these belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family, with Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli being the most common species found. These species showed a high degree of resistance to multiple antimicrobials.
  • The study also revealed that there was a higher prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in poultry litter than in horse bedding, suggesting that the type of animal waste could impact the risk of antimicrobial resistance development in compost.

Implications

  • This study emphasized that animal wastes, such as those used in composting, can contain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, hence posing potential environmental risks.
  • It suggested that waste management techniques need to be developed that could reduce or eliminate these bacteria, thereby making the use of compost safer in agriculture, whether organic or conventional.
  • The research also included a comparison of conventional and organic poultry litter, showing a greater number of resistant bacteria in the former, indicating that the method of poultry rearing might also influence the antimicrobial resistance profiles.

Cite This Article

APA
Ferreira PFA, Xavier JF, Nunes JF, Fonseca IP, de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho S, Soares de Souza MM, da Silva Coelho I. (2023). Bacteria and antimicrobial resistance profile during the composting process of wastes from animal production. Braz J Microbiol, 54(2), 1157-1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00912-8

Publication

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
ISSN: 1678-4405
NlmUniqueID: 101095924
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 1157-1167

Researcher Affiliations

Ferreira, Paula Fernanda Alves
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
Xavier, Júlia Ferreira
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
Nunes, Juliana Ferreira
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
Fonseca, Isabela Pinto
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho, Shana
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
Soares de Souza, Miliane Moreira
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
da Silva Coelho, Irene
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil. irenecoelho@ufrrj.br.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Composting
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Bacteria
  • Poultry
  • Escherichia coli

Grant Funding

  • E-26/202.740/2018 / Fundau00e7u00e3o de Amparo u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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