Bacteriophages and indicator bacteria in human and animal faeces.
Abstract: In an attempt to explain the presence of F-specific (RNA) bacteriophages in waste-water, faecal material from humans and a variety of animals was examined. The phages were detected in appreciable numbers only in faeces from pigs, broiler chickens, sheep and calves but not from dogs, cows, horses and humans. Parallel examinations for somatic coliphages, thermotolerant coliforms, faecal streptococci and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia revealed the consistent presence of these organisms in all types of samples, albeit in variable numbers. The number of F-specific bacteriophages was related to the total number of somatic coliphages, but phage counts were unrelated to bacterial counts. F-specific RNA phages were grouped by serotyping and all animal isolates were found to belong to either group I (MS2 subtype) or IV (four different subtypes). Among the group IV isolates, most belonged to well-known subtypes SP (24 isolates) or FI (18 isolates) but five isolates were related to phage ID2 and one isolate was a new subtype. In contrast with animal isolates, 19 isolates from hospital wastewater belonged to serogroups II or III.
Publication Date: 1986-03-01 PubMed ID: 3710943DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb01081.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research observed and analyzed the occurrence of F-specific bacteriophages in waste-water sourced from the feces of various animals including pigs, chickens, sheep, and calves. It found a correlation between the count of F-specific bacteriophages and the number of somatic coliphages, however, there was no apparent relationship with bacterial counts. The study also discovered that most of the bacteriophages belonged to either group I or IV, whereas hospital wastewater bacteriophages belonged to serogroups II or III.
Investigation of Bacteriophages presence
- The study aimed to understand why certain F-specific bacteriophages (RNA ones) are present in waste-water and under what conditions. The investigators examined fecal material obtained from both humans and a range of animals.
Occurrence of Bacteriophages in Different Animals
- The researchers discovered that these bacteriophages were detected in significant quantities only in the feces of a selection of animals namely pigs, broiler chickens, sheep and calves.
- However, bacteriophages were not found in feces of dogs, cows, horses, and humans.
Presence of Other Organisms
- The team also conducted parallel examinations for the presence of other organisms. They observed the presence of somatic coliphages, thermotolerant coliforms, fecal streptococci and spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia in all types of fecal samples, although in fluctuating numbers.
Relation of F-specific Bacteriophages Count with Other Organisms
- The researchers noticed that the counts of F-specific bacteriophages were related to the total counts of somatic coliphages. On the contrary, the phage counts were not related to the counts of bacteria, signifying that the presence of bacteria does not influence the number of bacteriophages.
Serotyping & Grouping of Bacteriophages
- F-specific RNA phages were grouped based on serotyping. The animal isolates were found to belong to either group I or group IV.
- Within the group IV, most of them belonged to the familiar subtypes SP (24 isolates) or FI (18 isolates). A unique subtype was also discovered among the isolates.
- On the other hand, bacteriophages isolated from hospital wastewater were found to belong to serogroups II or III, contrasting with the animal isolates’ groups.
Cite This Article
APA
Havelaar AH, Furuse K, Hogeboom WM.
(1986).
Bacteriophages and indicator bacteria in human and animal faeces.
J Appl Bacteriol, 60(3), 255-262.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb01081.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacteriophages / classification
- Bacteriophages / isolation & purification
- Cattle / microbiology
- Chickens / microbiology
- Coliphages / isolation & purification
- Dogs / microbiology
- Enterobacteriaceae / isolation & purification
- Feces / microbiology
- Horses / microbiology
- Humans
- Salmonella Phages / isolation & purification
- Serotyping
- Sheep / microbiology
- Swine / microbiology
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