Bacteriostatic effect of equine pure platelet-rich plasma and other blood products against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. An in vitro study.
Abstract: 1) To evaluate the bacteriostatic in vitro effect of pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP), pure platelet-rich gel (P-PRG), leukocyte-poor gel (LPG), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and heat inactivated plasma (IP) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) over a period of 24 hours. 2) To determine the degradation of platelet factor-4 (PF-4), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor isoform BB (PDGF-BB) in these equine blood components. 3) To establish correlations between platelet and leukocyte counts, PF-4 concentrations, and MSSA growth. Methods: Fourteen horses were used. Blood components were obtained by a manual protocol. Every blood component was mixed with MSSA and Müller-Hinton Broth and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. Samples for the determination of bacterial growth (colony-forming units) and PF-4, TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations were taken at one, four, eight, 12 and 24 hours. Results: The bacterial growth was significantly (p = 0.01) inhibited for P-PRP, P-PRG, LPG and PPP in comparison with IP and, the positive control group during the first 12 hours. The P-PRG had higher and sustained TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations over time in comparison with the other blood components. Conclusions: The plasma complement could be one of the most responsible components of the in vitro bacteriostatic effect of P-PRP, P-PRG, LPG and PPP against MSSA. Additionally, P-PRG was the better biomaterial because it had an acceptable bacteriostatic effect and the highest concentration of growth factors.
Publication Date: 2014-08-04 PubMed ID: 25088784DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-14-04-0054Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research study evaluates the bacteria-inhibiting effects of various equine blood products on a common strain of bacteria, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), in a laboratory setting. Additionally, it examines the decay of specific factors in these blood products and looks for correlations between platelet counts, leukocyte counts, and the growth of MSSA.
Study Background
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the bacteriostatic effect (growth inhibiting effect) of five different blood products (Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma, also known as P-PRP; Pure Platelet-Rich Gel, also known as P-PRG; Leukocyte-Poor Gel, also known as LPG; Platelet-Poor Plasma, also PPP, and Heat Inactivated Plasma, also called IP) on a strain of bacteria that is sensitive to antibiotics, specifically, MSSA.
- These blood products were studied in an “in vitro” setting, meaning they were studied outside of a living organism in a controlled environment.
Methodology
- The researchers used blood components which were obtained from fourteen horses via a manual protocol.
- These components were combined with the MSSA bacteria and Müller-Hinton Broth (a type of nutrient-rich solution in which bacteria can grow), then cultured in an environment maintained at a temperature of 37°C for a full day (24 hours).
- Sampling was conducted at one, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-four hours to determine bacterial growth (measured in colony-forming units) as well as concentrations of Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4), Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB (PDGF-BB).
Results and Conclusions
- The results showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth in P-PRP, P-PRG, LPG, and PPP in comparison with IP and a control group in the initial 12 hours.
- The P-PRG variant maintained higher levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB over time, compared to the other blood component variants.
- The researchers concluded that the plasma complement (a part of the immune system existing in blood that helps, or complements, the immune system to destroy pathogens) could play a significant role in the bacteriostatic effects of these blood products on MSSA.
- Particularly, P-PRG stood out as the superior biomaterial because it not only showed a substantial bacteriostatic effect but also demonstrated the highest concentration of growth factors.
Cite This Article
APA
López C, Carmona JU, Giraldo CE, Alvarez ME.
(2014).
Bacteriostatic effect of equine pure platelet-rich plasma and other blood products against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. An in vitro study.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 27(5), 372-378.
https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-14-04-0054 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Jorge U. Carmona, MVZ, MSc, PhD, Professor, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65, No 26-10, Manizales, Colombia, Phone/Fax: +57 68 781516, E-mail: carmona@ucaldas.edu.co.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Horses / blood
- Male
- Methicillin / pharmacology
- Platelet-Rich Plasma
- Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Mollabashi M, Klopfer A, Lunardon T, Darzenta N, Davis E, Murray M, Sumner SM, Naskou MC. Plasma and complement proteins are essential for the antimicrobial activity of canine platelet lysate. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1605649.
- Perego R, Meroni G, Martino PA, Spada E, Baggiani L, Proverbio D. Antibacterial Effect of Canine Leucocyte Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP) and Canine Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) Against Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Vet Sci 2024 Dec 20;11(12).
- Egli P, Boone L, Huber L, Higgins C, Gaonkar PP, Arrington J, Naskou MC, Peroni J, Gordon J, Lascola KM. Pilot study characterizing a single pooled preparation of equine platelet lysate for nebulization in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1488942.
- Miglio A, Falcinelli E, Mezzasoma AM, Busechian S, Rueca F, Gresele P, Antognoni MT. Biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation in thoroughbreds during their first long-term training. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1395423.
- Gilbertie JM, Schaer TP, Engiles JB, Seiler GS, Deddens BL, Schubert AG, Jacob ME, Stefanovski D, Ruthel G, Hickok NJ, Stowe DM, Frink A, Schnabel LV. A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:895022.
- Theuerkauf K, Obach-Schröck C, Staszyk C, Moritz A, Roscher KA. Activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in the equine systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 May;34(3):448-457.
- Duque-Madrid PC, Velasco-Bolaños J, Ceballos-Márquez A, López C, Carmona JU. Intramammary treatment using allogeneic pure platelet-rich plasma in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Sci Rep 2021 Dec 9;11(1):23737.
- Attili AR, Iacoucci C, Serri E, Cuteri V, Cantalamessa A, Linardi M, Rifici C, Mazzullo G, Rossi G, Galosi L, Tambella AM. Antibacterial Properties of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma and Other Non-Transfusional Hemo-Components: An in vitro Study. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:746809.
- Gilbertie JM, Schaer TP, Schubert AG, Jacob ME, Menegatti S, Ashton Lavoie R, Schnabel LV. Platelet-rich plasma lysate displays antibiofilm properties and restores antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms in vitro. J Orthop Res 2020 Jun;38(6):1365-1374.
- Zhang W, Guo Y, Kuss M, Shi W, Aldrich AL, Untrauer J, Kielian T, Duan B. Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Tissue Infection: Preparation and Clinical Evaluation. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2019 Jun;25(3):225-236.
- Geburek F, Gaus M, van Schie HT, Rohn K, Stadler PM. Effect of intralesional platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in equine naturally occurring superficial digital flexor tendinopathies - a randomized prospective controlled clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2016 Sep 7;12(1):191.
- Arslan E, Nellesen T, Bayer A, Prescher A, Lippross S, Nebelung S, Jahr H, Jaeger C, Huebner WD, Fischer H, Stoffel M, Shakibaei M, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M. Effect of platelet mediator concentrate (PMC) on Achilles tenocytes: an in vitro study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016 Jul 22;17:307.
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