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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2024; 52(3); 153-157; doi: 10.1055/a-2321-4422

[Behavior of the mare during parturition – a literature review].

Abstract: In horses, parturition is characterized by the fact that any delays may rapidly result in the death of the foal. Therefore, birth monitoring and the rapid detection of dystocia are of great importance. For this purpose, the differentiation between behavior associated with physiological parturition and activities related to difficult parturition is important. The aim of this publication is to present the physiological behavior of mares during parturition on the basis of a literature review. The behavior of mares in the opening phase of parturition is highly individual. In general, it is characterized by an increase in movement activity. In this phase of parturition, 13 different behaviors have been described (e. g. lying down and standing up, cessation of feed intake, local sweating, frequent defecation and urination). Mares show a more uniform pattern of behavior in the expulsion phase and the following phase of expulsion of the fetal membranes and placenta. More than 95% of mares give birth in the lateral position. A mare usually remains in recumbency for several minutes following the expulsion of the fetus. Immediately after standing up, the mare begins to intensely interact with the foal. The expulsion of the fetal membranes and the placenta usually takes place in a standing position. From a clinical point of view, it is important to give consideration to the difficulty in recognizing the opening phase of parturition due to the mares' individual behavior patterns. Die Geburt des Pferdes ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es bei Verzögerungen sehr schnell zum Tod des Fohlens kommt. Daher ist eine Geburtsüberwachung bzw. die möglichst schnelle Erkennung einer Dystokie von großer Bedeutung. Dazu ist es wichtig, zwischen Verhalten, das mit einer physiologischen Geburt und mit einer Schwergeburt assoziiert ist, zu unterscheiden. Ziel dieser Veröffentlichung ist es daher, anhand einer Literaturübersicht das physiologische Verhalten von Stuten in der Geburt darzustellen. Das Verhalten der Stuten in der Öffnungsphase der Geburt ist sehr individuell. Generell ist es durch eine Erhöhung der Bewegungsaktivität gekennzeichnet. In dieser Phase sind 13 verschiedene Verhaltensweisen beschrieben (z. B. Hinlegen und Aufstehen, Einstellen der Futteraufnahme, lokales Schwitzen, häufiger Kot- und Harnabsatz). In der Austreibungsphase und Nachgeburtsphase zeigen Stuten ein einheitlicheres Verhaltensmuster. Über 95% der Stuten gebären in Seitenlage. Nach der Expulsion des Fetus bleiben Stuten in der Regel noch einige Minuten liegen. Unmittelbar nach dem Aufstehen beginnen die Stuten intensiv mit dem Fohlen Kontakt aufzunehmen. Die Expulsion der Nachgeburt erfolgt meist im Stehen. Für die Praxis ist festzuhalten, dass die Erkennung der Geburt in der Öffnungsphase der Geburt aufgrund der individuellen Verhaltensweisen der Stuten schwierig ist.
Publication Date: 2024-06-26 PubMed ID: 38925128DOI: 10.1055/a-2321-4422Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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Summary

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The research article is a review of existing literature on the behavior of horses, specifically mares, during the labor and delivery process, including physiological aspects and the identification of potential complications.

Research Purpose

The central purpose of the article is to present a comprehensive review of available literature describing the physiological behavior of mares during parturition, or the labor and birth process. This focus stems from the critical need to rapidly detect and respond to any birth-related complications, known as dystocia, due to the fact that delays often result in the death of the foal.

Mares’ Behavior During Birth

  • The behavior of mares during the opening phase of parturition is described as highly individualistic.
  • Typically, it is characterized by an increase in movement activity.
  • The research identified thirteen different behaviors that mares may exhibit during this phase, including lying down and standing up, cessation of feed intake, local sweating, and frequent defecation and urination.

Behavior During the Delivery Phase

  • During the expulsion phase (delivery of the foal) and the following phase (expulsion of the fetal membranes and placenta), mares’ behavior generally follows a more uniform pattern.
  • It’s noted that over 95% of mares give birth lying on their side and usually stay in this recumbent position for several minutes after giving birth.
  • Following the birth, mares rapidly begin to intensely interact with the foal.
  • Most mares expel the fetal membranes and the placenta while standing.

Clinical Importance

The review highlights the importance of recognizing the opening phase of parturition, given the diversity of individual behavior patterns exhibited by mares. This recognition is crucial for monitoring the labor process and quickly identifying any complications or dystocia to ensure the survival of the newborn foal. The high potential mortality rate for foals during complicated deliveries underpins the significance of this study’s focus.

Cite This Article

APA
Lindinger H, Wehrend A. (2024). [Behavior of the mare during parturition – a literature review]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 52(3), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2321-4422

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 153-157

Researcher Affiliations

Lindinger, Hannah
  • Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Wehrend, Axel
  • Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / physiology
  • Female
  • Animals
  • Parturition / physiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Behavior, Animal / physiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.