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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 741720; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.741720

Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure for Non-invasive Respiratory Support of Foals.

Abstract: Respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary health are important considerations in equine neonatal care. As the majority of foals are bred for athletic pursuits, strategies for respiratory support of compromised foals are of particular importance. The administration of supplementary oxygen is readily implemented in equine practice settings, but does not address respiratory insufficiency due to inadequate ventilation and is no longer considered optimal care for hypoxia in critical care settings. Non-invasive ventilatory strategies including continuous or bi-level positive airway pressure are effective in human and veterinary studies, and may offer improved respiratory support in equine clinical practice. The current study was conducted to investigate the use of a commercial bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilator, designed for home care of people with obstructive respiratory conditions, for respiratory support of healthy foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory insufficiency. A two sequence (administration of supplementary oxygen with, or without, BiPAP), two phase, cross-over experimental design was used in a prospective study with six foals. Gas exchange and mechanics of breathing (increased tidal volume, decreased respiratory rate and increased peak inspiratory flow) were improved during BiPAP relative to administration of supplementary oxygen alone or prior studies using continuous positive airway pressure, but modest hypercapnia was observed. Clinical observations, pulse oximetry and monitoring of expired carbon dioxide was of limited benefit in identification of foals responding inappropriately to BiPAP, and improved methods to assess and monitor respiratory function are required in foals.
Copyright © 2021 Raidal, Catanchin, Burgmeestre and Quinn.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-29 PubMed ID: 34660771PubMed Central: PMC8511517DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.741720Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates how Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) ventilators, typically used on humans with respiratory conditions, can be used to better manage respiratory issues in young horses (foals) with artificially induced respiratory insufficiency.

Overview of the Research

  • This research studies the effects of a commercial bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilator—a device typically used for managing obstructive respiratory conditions in humans—on foals suffering from pharmacologically-induced respiratory insufficiency.
  • The study is crucial because, in most instances, foals are bred for athletic pursuits and thus, strategies for better respiratory health management in compromised foals is essential.
  • The research used a two-sequence, two-phase, cross-over experimental design in a prospective study of six foals. This experimental design allowed for data collection under different conditions: administration of supplementary oxygen with BiPAP and without BiPAP.

Results and Key Findings

  • The use of BiPAP lead to improved gas exchange and mechanics of breathing among the foals. This improvement was evident from the increased tidal volume, decreased respiratory rate, and increased peak inspiratory flow.
  • The improved outcomes from the use of BiPAP were superior to those observed when supplementary oxygen was administered alone or in prior studies where continuous positive airway pressure was used.
  • However, the use of BiPAP resulted in modest hypercapnia, or an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Monitoring and Evaluation Techniques

  • Despite the overall improvement in respiratory function, the article notes the limited usefulness of clinical observations, pulse oximetry, and expired carbon dioxide monitoring in identifying foals who responded negatively to BiPAP treatment.
  • The research posits the need for improved methods to assess and monitor respiratory function among foals.

Implication of this Study

  • This research provides a preliminary indication that BiPAP may offer an effective non-invasive ventilatory strategy for equine neonatal care.
  • However, more research is needed to better understand the complications, such as hypercapnia, that may arise from the use of BiPAP in foals.
  • Additionally, the research proposes the urgency for better methods of monitoring and assessing respiratory function in foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Raidal SL, Catanchin CSM, Burgmeestre L, Quinn CT. (2021). Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure for Non-invasive Respiratory Support of Foals. Front Vet Sci, 8, 741720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.741720

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 741720
PII: 741720

Researcher Affiliations

Raidal, Sharanne L
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
Burgmeestre, Lexi
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
Quinn, Chris T
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Raidal SL, Catanchin M, Sacks M, Carstens A, Quinn C, Mosing M. Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals. J Vet Intern Med 2023 May-Jun;37(3):1233-1242.
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  2. Fang X, Yang H. The Significance of Implementing Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure under Cluster Nursing in Improving the Survival Possibility of Patients with Severe Pulmonary Infection Complicated by Respiratory Failure. Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:2324797.
    doi: 10.1155/2022/2324797pubmed: 36238471google scholar: lookup
  3. Raidal SL, van Diggelen M, Catanchin CSM, Lehmann HS, Quinn CT. Use of prototype bi-nasal prongs for noninvasive ventilation in foals. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Nov-Dec;38(6):3327-3336.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17170pubmed: 39375942google scholar: lookup
  4. van Diggelen M, Quinn CT, Catanchin CSM, Lehmann HS, Raidal SL. The Use of Bi-Nasal Prongs for Delivery of Non-Invasive Ventilation to Foals. Animals (Basel) 2024 Mar 11;14(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14060865pubmed: 38539963google scholar: lookup
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