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The American journal of sports medicine2005; 33(11); 1647-1653; doi: 10.1177/0363546505275487

Biochemical and biomechanical properties of lesion and adjacent articular cartilage after chondral defect repair in an equine model.

Abstract: Chondral defects may lead to degradative changes in the surrounding cartilage, predisposing patients to developing osteoarthritis. Objective: To quantify changes in the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the articular cartilage adjacent to chondral defects after experimental defect repair. Methods: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Specimens were harvested from tissue within (lesion), immediately adjacent to, and at a distance from (remote area) a full-thickness cartilage defect 8 months after cartilage repair with genetically modified chondrocytes expressing insulin-like growth factor-I or unmodified, control chondrocytes. Biomechanical properties, including instantaneous Young's and equilibrium aggregate moduli, were determined by confined compression testing. Biochemical properties, such as water and proteoglycan content, were also measured. Results: The instantaneous Young's modulus, equilibrium modulus, and proteoglycan content increased, whereas water content decreased with increasing distance from the repaired lesion. The instantaneous Young's and equilibrium moduli of the adjacent articular cartilage were 80% and 50% that of remote area samples, respectively, whereas water content increased 0.9% and proteoglycan content was decreased by 35%. No significant changes in biomechanical and biochemical properties were found either in the lesion tissue or in adjacent cartilage with genetic modification of the chondrocytes. Conclusions: Articular cartilage adjacent to repaired chondral defects showed significant remodeling 8 months after chondral defect repair, regardless of whether genetically modified or unmodified cells were implanted. Conclusions: Changes in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage adjacent to repaired chondral defects may represent remodeling as part of an adaptive process or degeneration secondary to an altered distribution of joint forces. Quantification of these changes could provide important parameters for assessing progress after operative chondral defect repair.
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Publication Date: 2005-08-10 PubMed ID: 16093540DOI: 10.1177/0363546505275487Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the biochemical and biomechanical changes in cartilage near repaired chondral defects in an equine model. The scientists examine how these changes could indicate adaptive remodeling or degeneration due to altered joint forces, potentially improving how we assess recovery after repairing a chondral defect.

Research Methods

  • The researchers created a controlled laboratory study where they examined cartilage biopsies taken from different regions of the joint (within the defect, immediately outside the defect, and a remote control area).
  • These biopsies were taken from horses eight months after the cartilage had been repaired using two methods. One setup involved the use of genetically modified chondrocytes (cartilage cells) that were expressing insulin-like growth factor-I. The other configuration used unmodified chondrocytes.
  • The team used confined compression testing to study the biomechanical attributes of the cartilage samples. They specifically looked at the instantaneous Young’s modulus and equilibrium aggregate modulus (values that provide information about the stiffness and compressibility of the material).
  • To understand the biochemical properties of the cartilage, they measured its water and proteoglycan content. Proteoglycans are a type of protein that plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of the cartilage.

Research Findings

  • The results showed that the further away from the repaired lesion, the higher the proteoglycan content and biomechanical moduli, and the lower the water content. This suggests that the remodeling of the cartilage tissue related to the lesion repair may alter its physical and chemical properties.
  • Cartilage immediately outside the defect had different biochemical and biomechanical properties than the remote cartilage. Its instantaneous Young’s and equilibrium moduli were lower (80% and 50% of remote area samples’ values, respectively), whereas its water content was slightly higher, and proteoglycan content was significantly lower (35% less).
  • The properties of the repaired lesion tissue did not notably change, regardless of whether they had been repaired with modified or unmodified cells.

Conclusions

  • The data suggest that the articular cartilage remodels significantly after chondral defect repair, irrespective of whether genetically modified or unmodified cells are used in the repair process.
  • The scientists hypothesize that these changes may either reflect an adaptive response or signify degeneration caused by shifts in the distribution of joint forces.
  • The quantification of the observed biochemical and biomechanical changes could provide important measures to evaluate the progress of recovery following chondral defect surgery.

Cite This Article

APA
Strauss EJ, Goodrich LR, Chen CT, Hidaka C, Nixon AJ. (2005). Biochemical and biomechanical properties of lesion and adjacent articular cartilage after chondral defect repair in an equine model. Am J Sports Med, 33(11), 1647-1653. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275487

Publication

The American journal of sports medicine
ISSN: 0363-5465
NlmUniqueID: 7609541
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 11
Pages: 1647-1653

Researcher Affiliations

Strauss, Eric J
  • Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA. ejs2002@med.cornell.edu
Goodrich, Laurie R
    Chen, Chih-Tung
      Hidaka, Chisa
        Nixon, Alan J

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Biomechanical Phenomena
          • Bone Matrix / pathology
          • Cartilage, Articular / chemistry
          • Cartilage, Articular / pathology
          • Cartilage, Articular / surgery
          • Chondrocytes / physiology
          • Chondrocytes / transplantation
          • Genetic Therapy
          • Horses
          • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / biosynthesis
          • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / genetics
          • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / physiology
          • Osteoarthritis / etiology
          • Osteoarthritis / prevention & control

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