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Animal reproduction science2000; 60-61; 643-651; doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00105-6

Bluetongue and equine viral arteritis viruses as models of virus-induced fetal injury and abortion.

Abstract: A number of viruses have the capacity to cross the placenta and infect the fetus to cause, among other potential outcomes, developmental defects (teratogenesis), fetal death and abortion. Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection of fetal ruminants provides an excellent model for the study of virus-induced teratogenesis. This model has shown that only viruses modified by passage in cell culture, such as modified live virus vaccine strains, readily cross the ruminant placenta, and that the timing of fetal infection determines the outcome. Thus, cerebral malformations only occur after fetal infection at critical stages during development and the precise timing of fetal BTV infection determines the severity of the malformation present at birth. Fetal BTV infection also can result in fetal death, followed by abortion or resorption, growth retardation, or no obvious abnormalities, depending on age of the conceptus at infection. Equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection of the equine fetus causes fetal death and abortion but not teratogenesis. These two fetal viral infections are useful not only for the study of teratogenesis and fetal disease, but also to further characterize and compare the complex process that is responsible for normal induction of parturition in ruminants and horses.
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Publication Date: 2000-06-14 PubMed ID: 10844231DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00105-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on how the Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the Equine arteritis virus (EAV) can cross the placenta, infect a fetus and cause developmental defects or death. These cases provide insight into virus-induced birth defects, fetocide, and abortion, and also shed light on the complex process of birth in both ruminants and horses.

Investigation of Virus-Induced Teratogenesis

  • The study uses Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in fetal ruminants as a chief model to study virus-induced developmental defects or teratogenesis.
  • It’s found that the virus strains which have gone through cell culture modifications, like the modified live virus vaccine strains, possess the ability to cross the ruminant placenta.
  • It is also observed that the timing of fetal infection crucially determines the outcome. This means that malformations in the cerebral region only occur if the fetus is infected at critical stages during its development, and the severity of the malformation evident at birth directly correlates to the precise timing of fetal BTV infection.

Possibility of Other Outcomes

  • Apart from teratogenesis, infection with BTV can lead to fetal death, eventually resulting in abortion or resorption. Other possibilities include growth retardation and sometimes no observable abnormalities at all. However, these outcomes majorly depend on the age of the fetus (conceptus) at the time of infection.
  • On the other hand, Equine arteritis virus (EAV) typically doesn’t induce teratogenesis when infecting the equine fetus, but can cause fetal death and abortion.

Characterizing and Comparing Parturition

  • Apart from studying teratogenesis and disease occurrence in feti, the research on these two viral infections results in gaining further insights into the intricate process of birth or parturition in ruminants and horses.
  • These findings could prove beneficial in broadly understanding the normal and abnormal physiological processes of different species, especially regarding reproduction and gestation periods.

Cite This Article

APA
MacLachlan NJ, Conley AJ, Kennedy PC. (2000). Bluetongue and equine viral arteritis viruses as models of virus-induced fetal injury and abortion. Anim Reprod Sci, 60-61, 643-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00105-6

Publication

Animal reproduction science
ISSN: 0378-4320
NlmUniqueID: 7807205
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 60-61
Pages: 643-651

Researcher Affiliations

MacLachlan, N J
  • Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. njmaclachlan@ucdavis.edu
Conley, A J
    Kennedy, P C

      MeSH Terms

      • Abortion, Veterinary / virology
      • Animals
      • Arterivirus Infections / veterinary
      • Bluetongue / complications
      • Bluetongue virus
      • Equartevirus
      • Female
      • Fetal Diseases / veterinary
      • Fetal Diseases / virology
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Pregnancy
      • Ruminants

      References

      This article includes 55 references

      Citations

      This article has been cited 21 times.
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