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Emerging infectious diseases1997; 3(3); 343-352; doi: 10.3201/eid0303.970311

Borna disease virus infection in animals and humans.

Abstract: The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neurologic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. The etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with unique properties of replication. Data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of BDV in its natural host, the horse. Studies in the Lewis rat have shown that BDV replication does not directly influence vital functions; rather, the disease is caused by a virus-induced T-cell mediated immune reaction. Because antibodies reactive with BDV have been found in the sera of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, this review examines the possible link between BDV and such disorders. Seroepidemiologic and cerebrospinal fluid investigations of psychiatric patients suggest a causal role of BDV infection in human psychiatric disorders. In diagnostically unselected psychiatric patients, the distribution of psychiatric disorders was found to be similar in BDV seropositive and seronegative patients. In addition, BDV-seropositive neurologic patients became ill with lymphocytic meningoencephalitis. In contrast to others, we found no evidence is reported for BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious B DV in peripheral blood cells of psychiatric patients.
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Publication Date: 1997-07-01 PubMed ID: 9284379PubMed Central: PMC2627631DOI: 10.3201/eid0303.970311Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article discusses Borna disease (BD), a serious neurologic condition in horses and sheep caused by the Borna Disease Virus (BDV). The research explores the virus’s wider geographic distribution and host range than previously understood. The pathogen is a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, and the disease is caused by a virus-induced T-cell mediated immune response. The study also evaluates the potential link between BDV and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans, as antibodies to BDV have been discovered in these patients’ blood samples. However, no correlation between BDV and specific psychiatric disorders was found.

Borna Disease Virus and Animals

  • The article begins by broadening the known geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neurological disorder in animals, especially horses and sheep. This suggests the disease and its causative agent, the Borna Disease Virus (BDV), are more prevalent than previously realized.
  • The BDV is described as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, making it unique in its properties and mechanisms of replication. It is also noted to be highly stable genetically in its natural host, furthering understanding of the virus’s nature and behavior in animals.
  • The researchers also highlight that the harmful effects of the virus do not come from the virus impairing vital functions directly. Instead, the disease is caused by the immune system’s overreaction to the virus, specifically a T-cell mediated response, leading to the neurological damage seen in infected animals.

BDV in Humans and Possible Links to Psychiatric Disorders

  • The study also explores the association between BDV and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans, driven by finding antibodies reactive with BDV in the serum of patients suffering from such disorders.
  • A closer investigation into a group of psychiatric patients showed a potentially causal relationship between BDV infection and the patients’ psychiatric disorders. However, the actual type or nature of psychiatric disorder had no apparent correlation with seropositivity for the BDV.
  • Additionally, patients with neurological disease and positive serology for BDV were noted to develop lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, an inflammation of the brain and its surrounding membranes.
  • Contrary to these clinical observations, however, the authors found no evidence of BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious BDV in the peripheral blood cells of the investigated psychiatric patients. This discrepancy raises questions about the methodology or interpretations of both sets of findings and calls for further research.

Cite This Article

APA
Richt JA, Pfeuffer I, Christ M, Frese K, Bechter K, Herzog S. (1997). Borna disease virus infection in animals and humans. Emerg Infect Dis, 3(3), 343-352. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0303.970311

Publication

Emerging infectious diseases
ISSN: 1080-6040
NlmUniqueID: 9508155
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 343-352

Researcher Affiliations

Richt, J A
  • Institut für Virologie, Giessen, Germany. juergen.a.richt@vetmed.uni-giessen.de
Pfeuffer, I
    Christ, M
      Frese, K
        Bechter, K
          Herzog, S

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Viral / blood
            • Borna Disease / epidemiology
            • Borna Disease / etiology
            • Borna Disease / transmission
            • Borna disease virus / immunology
            • Borna disease virus / isolation & purification
            • Borna disease virus / pathogenicity
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horses
            • Humans
            • Mental Disorders / etiology
            • Mental Disorders / virology
            • Nervous System Diseases / etiology
            • Nervous System Diseases / virology
            • Rats
            • Sheep
            • Sheep Diseases / etiology
            • T-Lymphocytes / immunology

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