FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Carbonate buffer mixture and fecal microbiota transplantatio...
Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 11; 1388227; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388227

Carbonate buffer mixture and fecal microbiota transplantation hold promising therapeutic effects on oligofructose-induced diarrhea in horses.

Abstract: Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal disorder in horses, with diet-induced diarrhea being an emerging challenge. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota differences in healthy and diet-induced diarrheic horses and evaluate the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and carbonate buffer mixture (CBM) as potential therapeutic approaches. Twenty healthy horses were included in the study, with four groups: Control, Diarrhea, CBM, and FMT. Diarrhea was induced using oligofructose, and fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis. FMT and CBM treatments were administered orally using donor fecal matter, and formula mixture, respectively. Clinical parameters, serum levels, intestinal tissue histopathology, and fecal microbiota profiles were evaluated. The results showed that diarrhea induction disbalanced the gut microbiota with decreased diversity and richness, affected clinical parameters including elevated body temperature and diarrhea score, and decreased fecal pH, increased inflammatory responses such as increased serum LPS, IL-17A, lactic acid and total protein, and caused damage in the colon tissue. CBM and FMT treatments altered the gut microbiota composition, restoring it towards a healthier profile compared to diarrheic, restored the gut microbiota composition to healthier states, improved clinical symptoms including decreased body temperature and diarrhea score, and increased fecal pH, decreased inflammatory responses such as increased serum LPS, IL-17A, lactic acid and total protein, and repaired tissue damage. CBM and FMT Spearman correlation analysis identified specific bacterial taxa associated with host parameters and inflammation. FMT and CBM treatments showed promising therapeutic effects in managing oligofructose-induced diarrhea in horses. The findings provide valuable insights into the management and treatment of diarrhea in horses and suggest the potential of combined CBM and FMT approaches for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Copyright © 2024 Tuniyazi, Tang, Hu, Fu and Zhang.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-04-22 PubMed ID: 38711536PubMed Central: PMC11071171DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388227Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article evaluates the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and carbonate buffer mixture (CBM) in treating diet-induced diarrhea in horses, with the study demonstrating promising results.

Study Design and Methodology

  • Twenty healthy horses were included in the study and split into four groups: Control, Diarrhea, CBM, and FMT. Each group was served a distinct purpose. The control group helped to establish base levels of gut microbiota, clinical parameters, and tissue conditions before the induction of diarrhea. The diarrhea group was utilized to determine the effects of diarrhea on these parameters.
  • Diarrhea was induced in the horses using a substance called oligofructose. Following this, fecal samples were collected from the horses to analyze the state of their gut microbiota after the induction of diarrhea.
  • FMT and CBM treatments were used to see if they could rectify the effects of diarrhea. They were administered orally using donor fecal matter for the former and a formula mixture for the latter.

Results and Discoveries

  • The study showed that inducing diarrhea in the horses upset the balance of their gut microbiota. It decreased the microbiota’s diversity and richness. In addition, diarrhea elevated the horses’ body temperature and diarrhea score while reducing fecal pH.
  • Induced diarrhea also increased inflammation as evidenced by higher serum levels of LPS, IL-17A, lactic acid, and total protein. Do note that LPS and IL-17A are inflammatory markers, and their elevated levels indicate an inflammatory response. There was also damage observed in the colon tissue of the horses.
  • The FMT and CBM treatments, however, helped mitigate these effects. Both treatments were able to restore the gut microbiota composition towards a healthier profile compared to the diarrheic state. They improved clinical symptoms by decreasing body temperature and diarrhea score while increasing fecal pH.
  • The treatments also decreased inflammatory responses again evident through a decline in serum levels of LPS, IL-17A, lactic acid, and total protein. Furthermore, they repaired the previously observed tissue damage in the colon.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The findings of the study affirm the therapeutic potential of FMT and CBM treatments in managing oligofructose-induced diarrhea in horses.
  • Making use of specific bacterial species identified by the study’s correlation analysis could potentially optimize these therapies and improve outcomes for horses afflicted with diarrhea.
  • This research provides valuable insights into the management and treatment of diarrhea in horses, suggesting combined FMT and CBM approaches could potentially yield optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Cite This Article

APA
Tuniyazi M, Tang R, Hu X, Fu Y, Zhang N. (2024). Carbonate buffer mixture and fecal microbiota transplantation hold promising therapeutic effects on oligofructose-induced diarrhea in horses. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1388227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1388227

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1388227

Researcher Affiliations

Tuniyazi, Maimaiti
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Tang, Ruibo
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Hu, Xiaoyu
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Fu, Yunhe
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Zhang, Naisheng
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 54 references
  1. Diaz-Mendez A, Hewson J, Brown CM. Diarrhoea in adult horses: a retrospective study of 52 cases. Equine Vet Educ (2011) 23:227–32.
  2. Smith BP, Van Metre DC. In: Pusterla N, editor. Equine infectious diseases. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences; (2018).
  3. Cohen ND, Woods AM. Characteristics and risk factors for failure of horses with acute diarrhea to survive: 122 cases (1990–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc (1999) 214:382–90.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.1999.214.03.382pubmed: 10023402google scholar: lookup
  4. Mair TS, de Westerlaken LV, Cripps PJ, Love S. Diarrhoea in adult horses: a survey of clinical cases and an assessment of some prognostic indices. Vet Rec (1990) 126:479–81.
    pubmed: 2190408
  5. Daly K, Proudman CJ, Duncan SH, Flint HJ, Dyer J. Bacterial diversity within the equine large intestine as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S RRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol (2012) 80:673–84.
    doi: 10.1016/S0168-6496(01)00178-7google scholar: lookup
  6. Dougal K, de la Fuente G, Harris PA, Girdwood SE, Pinloche E, Newbold CJ. Identification of a core bacterial community within the large intestine of the horse. PLoS One (2013) 8:e77660.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077660pmc: PMC3812009pubmed: 24204908google scholar: lookup
  7. Shepherd ML, Swecker WS Jr, Jensen RV, Ponder MA. Characterization of the fecal bacteria communities of forage-fed horses by pyrosequencing of 16S RRNA V4 gene amplicons. FEMS Microbiol Lett (2012) 326:62–8.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02434.xpubmed: 22092776google scholar: lookup
  8. Milinovich GJ, Trott DJ, Burrell PC, van Eps AW, Thoefner MB, Blackall LL. Changes in equine hindgut bacterial populations during oligofructose-induced laminitis. Environ Microbiol (2006) 8:885–98.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00975.xpubmed: 16623745google scholar: lookup
  9. Tuniyazi M, He J, Guo J, Li S, Zhang N, Hu X. Changes of microbial and metabolome of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis. BMC Vet Res (2021) 17:11.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02686-9pmc: PMC7789226pubmed: 33407409google scholar: lookup
  10. Julliand V, De Fombelle A, Drogoul C. Feeding and microbial disorders in horses: 1-effects of an abrupt incorporation of two levels of barley in a Hay diet on microbial profile and activities. J Equine Vet (2002) 22:285–93.
    doi: 10.1016/S0737-0806(01)70018-4google scholar: lookup
  11. Gorka JM, Coenen M, Ballou MA. Induction of transient intestinal dysbiosis by oligofructose. Equine Vet J (2020) 52:37–44.
  12. Harris PA, Geor RJ, Pratt-Phillips SE. Dietary management of gastrointestinal health in horses: past, present, and future. J Equine Vet (2021) 96.
  13. Khoruts A, Sadowsky MJ. Understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2016) 13:508–16.
    doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.98pmc: PMC5909819pubmed: 27329806google scholar: lookup
  14. Nicco C, Paule A, Konturek P, Edeas M. From donor to patient: collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples for fecal microbiota transplantation. Diseases (2020) 8:9.
    doi: 10.3390/diseases8020009pmc: PMC7349373pubmed: 32326509google scholar: lookup
  15. Kelly CR, Khoruts A, Staley C, Sadowsky MJ, Abd M, Alani M. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrence in multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med (2016) 165:609–16.
    doi: 10.7326/M16-0271pmc: PMC5909820pubmed: 27547925google scholar: lookup
  16. Dias DPM, Sousa SS, Molezini FA, Ferreira HSD, de Campos R. Efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for treating acute colitis in horses undergoing colic surgery. Pesqui Vet Bras (2018) 38:1564–9.
    doi: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5521google scholar: lookup
  17. McKinney CA, Bedenice D, Pacheco AP, Oliveira BCM, Paradis M-R, Mazan M. Assessment of clinical and microbiota responses to fecal microbial transplantation in adult horses with diarrhea. PLoS One (2021) 16:e0244381.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244381pmc: PMC7808643pubmed: 33444319google scholar: lookup
  18. McKinney CA, Oliveira BCM, Bedenice D, Paradis M-R, Mazan M, Sage S. The fecal microbiota of healthy donor horses and geriatric recipients undergoing fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of diarrhea. PLoS One (2020) 15:e0230148.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230148pmc: PMC7064224pubmed: 32155205google scholar: lookup
  19. Costa M, Di Pietro R, Bessegatto JA, Pereira PFV, Stievani FC, Gomes RG. Evaluation of changes in microbiota after fecal microbiota transplantation in 6 diarrheic horses. Can Vet J (2021) 62:1123–30.
    pmc: PMC8439339pubmed: 34602643
  20. Laustsen L, Edwards JE, Hermes GDA, Lúthersson N, van Doorn DA, Okrathok S. Free faecal water: analysis of horse faecal microbiota and the impact of faecal microbial transplantation on symptom severity. Animals (2021) 11:2776.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11102776pmc: PMC8533009pubmed: 34679798google scholar: lookup
  21. Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Uchida-Fujii E, Nukada T, Ueno T. Simultaneous daily fecal microbiota transplantation fails to prevent metronidazole-induced dysbiosis of equine gut microbiota. J Equine Vet (2022) 114:104004.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104004pubmed: 35526726google scholar: lookup
  22. Quattrini C, Bozorgmanesh R, Egli P, Magdesian KG. Fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of diarrhea in adult hospitalized horses-111 cases (2013–2018). Open Vet J (2023) 13:1135–40.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.9pmc: PMC10576572pubmed: 37842104google scholar: lookup
  23. Smith J. The role of buffering agents in gastrointestinal PH regulation. J Gastrointest Res (2018).
  24. Green H. Gut pH and microbiota: an intricate balance. Microbiota J (2019).
  25. Thompson I. Gut pH imbalance and consequences for microbial growth. J Microb Ecol (2020).
  26. Miller K. Buffering capacity of substances and its effect on gut bacteria. Gut Bact J (2021).
  27. Zhang S. Influence of carbonate buffer mixture on gut microbiota composition. J Microbiota Res (2022).
  28. Lee J. Modulating gut pH for healthier microbiota profile. J Gastrointest Sci (2023).
  29. Patel A. Impact of pH regulation on gastrointestinal function. J Dig Disord (2023).
  30. Garber A, Hastie P, Murray J-A. Factors influencing equine gut microbiota: current knowledge. J Equine Vet (2020) 88:102943.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102943pubmed: 32303307google scholar: lookup
  31. Dugdale AHA, Curtis GC, Cripps P, Harris PA, Argo CM. Effect of dietary restriction on body condition, composition and welfare of overweight and obese pony mares. Equine Vet J (2010) 42:600–10.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00110.xpubmed: 20840575google scholar: lookup
  32. Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett WS. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol (2011) 12:R60.
    doi: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-r60pmc: PMC3218848pubmed: 21702898google scholar: lookup
  33. Douglas GM, Maffei VJ, Zaneveld JR, Yurgel SN, Brown JR, Taylor CM. PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol (2020) 38:685–8.
    doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0548-6pmc: PMC7365738pubmed: 32483366google scholar: lookup
  34. Frederick J, Giguère S, Sanchez LC. Infectious agents detected in the feces of diarrheic foals: a retrospective study of 233 cases (2003–2008). J Vet Intern Med (2009) 23:1254–60.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0383.xpmc: PMC7166729pubmed: 19747192google scholar: lookup
  35. Lavoie JP, Leguillette R. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract (2020) 38:249–268.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.05.003pubmed: 35810151google scholar: lookup
  36. Lavoie JP, Leguillette R. Respiratory infections in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract (2020) 36:293–308.
  37. Argenzio RA, Liacos JA. Endotoxin-induced equine laminitis. A new model. Am J Vet Res (1990) 51:2041–6.
  38. Lester GD, Bolton JR, Cullen JM. Current concepts on the pathophysiology of pasture-associated laminitis in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract (2021) 37:63–84.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.11.006pubmed: 20699174google scholar: lookup
  39. Costa MC, Stämpfli HR, Arroyo LG, Allen-Vercoe E, Gomes RG, Weese JS. Changes in the equine fecal microbiota associated with the use of systemic antimicrobial drugs. BMC Vet Res (2015) 11:19.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0335-7pmc: PMC4323147pubmed: 25644524google scholar: lookup
  40. Li Y, Lan Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota between healthy and diarrheic horses. Front Vet Sci (2022) 9:882423.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882423pmc: PMC9108932pubmed: 35585860google scholar: lookup
  41. Mao S, Huo W, Liu J, Zhang R, Zhu W. In vitro effects of sodium bicarbonate buffer on rumen fermentation, levels of lipopolysaccharide and biogenic amine, and composition of rumen microbiota. J Sci Food Agric (2017) 97:1276–85.
    doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7861pubmed: 27339112google scholar: lookup
  42. Hu W, Murphy MR. Statistical evaluation of early- and mid-lactation dairy cow responses to dietary sodium bicarbonate addition. Anim Feed Sci Technol (2005) 119:43–54.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.005google scholar: lookup
  43. Xu S, Harrison JH, Riley RE, Loney KA. Effect of buffer addition to high grain total mixed rations on rumen PH, feed intake, milk production, and milk composition. J Dairy Sci (1994) 77:782–8.
    doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77013-2pubmed: 8169286google scholar: lookup
  44. Di Pietro R. Development of a protocol with concentrated bacteria for fecal microbiota transplantation and impact on the equine fecal microbiota after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. In: Master’s Thesis. Canada (2021).
  45. Weese JS, Kaese HJ, Baird JD, Kenney DG, Staempfli HR. Suspected ciprofloxacin-induced colitis in four horses. Equine Vet Educ (2010) 14:182–9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2002.tb00167.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  46. Gustafsson A, Båverud V, Gunnarsson A, Rantzien MH, Lindholm A, Franklin A. The association of erythromycin ethylsuccinate with acute colitis in horses in Sweden. Equine Vet J (1997) 29:314–8.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03129.xpubmed: 15338913google scholar: lookup
  47. Raisbeck MF, Holt GR, Osweiler GD. Lincomycin-associated colitis in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc (1981) 179:362–3.
    pubmed: 7287558
  48. Staempfli HR, Prescott JF, Brash ML. Lincomycin-induced severe colitis in ponies: association with Clostridium cadaveris. Can J Vet Res (1992) 56:168–9.
    pmc: PMC1263527pubmed: 1591660
  49. Cook W. Diarrhoea in the horse associated with stress and tetracycline therapy. Vet Rec (1973) 93:15–7.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.93.1.15pubmed: 4739039google scholar: lookup
  50. Wilson DA, Mac Fadden KE, Green EM, Crabill M, Frankeny RL, Thorne JG. Case control and historical cohort study of diarrhea associated with administration of trimethoprim-potentiated sulphonamides to horses and ponies. J Vet Intern Med (1996) 10:258–64.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02059.xpubmed: 8819052google scholar: lookup
  51. Haggett EF, Wilson WD. Overview of the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of bacterial infections in horses. Equine Vet Educ (2008) 20:433–48.
    doi: 10.2746/095777308x338893google scholar: lookup
  52. Basile RC, Rivera GG, Del Rio LA, de Bonis TCM, Do Amaral GPD, Giangrecco E. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Vet Res (2015) 11:197.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6pmc: PMC4534110pubmed: 26265349google scholar: lookup
  53. Li X, Yang Y, Zhang B, Lin X, Fu X, An Y. Correction: lactate metabolism in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther (2022) 7:372.
    doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01206-5pmc: PMC9622685pubmed: 36316308google scholar: lookup
  54. Tuniyazi M, Hu X, Fu Y, Zhang N. Canine fecal microbiota transplantation: current application and possible mechanisms. Vet Sci China (2022) 9:396.
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9080396pmc: PMC9413255pubmed: 36006314google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.