Cardiopulmonary effects of an infusion of remifentanil or morphine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine.
Abstract: To examine the cardiopulmonary effects of infusions of remifentanil or morphine, and their influence on recovery of horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine. Methods: Randomized crossover study with 7-day rest periods. Methods: Six adult horses (507 ± 61 kg). Methods: After the horses were sedated with xylazine, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam, and maintained with isoflurane. After approximately 60 minutes, a dexmedetomidine infusion was started (0.25 μg kg(-1) then 1.0 μg(-1) kg(-1) hour(-1) ) in combination with either saline (group S), morphine (0.15 mg kg(-1) then 0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) ; group M), or remifentanil (6.0 μg kg(-1) hour(-1) ; group R) for 60 minutes. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were recorded every 5 minutes. Core body temperature, cardiac output, right ventricular and arterial blood-gas values were measured every 15 minutes. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), intrapulmonary shunt fraction, alveolar dead space, oxygen delivery and extraction ratio were calculated. Recoveries were videotaped and scored by two observers blinded to the treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures anova followed by Dunnett's or Bonferroni's significant difference test. Recovery scores were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: No significant differences were found among groups. Compared to baseline, heart rate decreased and SVR increased significantly in all groups, and cardiac index significantly decreased in groups S and M. Hemoglobin concentration, oxygen content and oxygen delivery significantly decreased in all groups. The oxygen extraction ratio significantly increased in groups M and R. Lactate concentration significantly increased in group S. Recovery scores were similar among groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with remifentanil or morphine infusions was infused for 60 minutes without adverse effects in the 6 healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses in this study.
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
Publication Date: 2014-03-28 PubMed ID: 24673858DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12149Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article is about the study of cardiopulmonary effects of remifentanil or morphine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine.
Objective and Methodology of the study
- The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of infusions of two different opioids, remifentanil, and morphine, and their effects on horses’ recovery from anesthesia.
- The study was set as a randomized crossover design with 7-day rest periods between treatment exposure. The participants were six adult horses.
- The horses were first sedated with xylazine, followed by anesthesia induction with ketamine and diazepam, and maintained with isoflurane.
- About 60 minutes into the anesthesia, a dexmedetomidine infusion was started in combination with either saline, morphine, or remifentanil for another 60 minutes.
- Multiple parameters were measured or calculated throughout this process, including heart rate, arterial pressure, core body temperature, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery and extraction ratio, and more.
Results of the study
- There was no significant difference found among the groups treated with saline, morphine, or remifentanil.
- Compared to the baseline, heart rate decreased and systemic vascular resistance increased significantly in all groups, and cardiac index significantly decreased in the saline and morphine group.
- Hemoglobin concentration, oxygen content, and oxygen delivery significantly decreased in all groups.
- The oxygen extraction ratio significantly increased in the morphine and remifentanil group.
- Lactate concentration significantly increased in the saline group.
- Recovery scores were similar among all groups.
Conclusion of the study
- The infusion of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with either remifentanil or morphine, for 60 minutes, did not result in any adverse effects in the six healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
- This study suggests these protocols could be useful in equine anesthesia for surgical procedures, but further research is probably needed to confirm these findings in horses with cardiovascular or pulmonary disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Benmansour P, Husulak ML, Bracamonte JL, Beazley SG, Withnall E, Duke-Novakovski T.
(2014).
Cardiopulmonary effects of an infusion of remifentanil or morphine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine.
Vet Anaesth Analg, 41(4), 346-356.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12149 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology
- Anesthesia Recovery Period
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Body Temperature
- Cross-Over Studies
- Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage
- Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses
- Isoflurane / administration & dosage
- Isoflurane / pharmacology
- Male
- Morphine / administration & dosage
- Morphine / pharmacology
- Piperidines / administration & dosage
- Piperidines / pharmacology
- Remifentanil
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Hoeberg E, Haga HA, Lervik A. Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1007345.
- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Dupont J, Serteyn D, Sandersen C. Prolonged Recovery From General Anesthesia Possibly Related to Persistent Hypoxemia in a Draft Horse.. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:235.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
