Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse.
Abstract: To investigate whether morphine causes a change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) heart rate (HR) and oxygen extraction (OE) rate in healthy horses anesthetized with isoflurane and a dexmedetomidine infusion. Unassigned: The study design was prospective clinical, randomized, blinded two groups including 33 horses. All horses were sedated with romifidine IV, and anesthesia was induced with midazolam IV and ketamine IV and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and medical air and a dexmedetomidine infusion. As a baseline venous and arterial blood, HR and MAP were sampled. Thereafter either morphine 0.1 mg kg IV or an equivalent volume of NaCl 0.9% IV was administered. HR and MAP were then further sampled for 5 min before venous and arterial blood was again sampled. OE was calculated based upon arterial and venous blood gas analysis. To evaluate the change in minimum MAP, mean HR, and OE, the differences between baseline and observation period values were further termed delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE. Individual delta MAPs were normalized to the minimum baseline value and are reported as a percentage. Alpha was set to 0.05. Confidence intervals 95% (CI) were calculated for delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE within groups, and for the difference between groups. Unassigned: The 95% CIs for delta MAP (%), delta HR (min), and delta OE (mL/dL) in the morphine group were -20.5 to -9.0, 0.6 to 3.1, and -0.1 to 0.6 and in the placebo group were -17.4 to -10.1, 0.2 to 2.0, and -0.2 to 0.3, respectively. The 95% CI for the differences in delta MAP (%), delta HR (min), and delta OE (mL/dL) were -5.5 to 7.6, -2.3 to 0.7, and -0.7 to 0.2, respectively. The minimum MAP of one horse in the morphine group decreased around 50% between baseline and observation period with almost unchanged OE and HR. Unassigned: The effects of morphine 0.1 mg kg IV on HR, MAP, and OE in healthy horses anesthetized with isoflurane and a CRI of dexmedetomidine are minimal.
Copyright © 2022 Hoeberg, Haga and Lervik.
Publication Date: 2022-09-26 PubMed ID: 36225800PubMed Central: PMC9549263DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1007345Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research investigated whether morphine affects arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen extraction in healthy, anesthetized horses. The study found minimal impact of morphine on these parameters.
Study Design and Methodology
- The research was a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study involving two groups of 33 horses each.
- All the horses were sedated using romifidine intravenously. Anesthesia was then induced using midazolam and ketamine, both administered intravenously.
- Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, supplemented by oxygen, medical air, and a dexmedetomidine infusion.
- As a baseline, arterial and venous blood were sampled, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded.
- Post these baseline measurements, horses were either given morphine (at 0.1 mg/kg intravenously) or an equivalent volume of NaCl 0.9% intravenously.
- After a further five minutes, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded again, followed by another sampling of arterial and venous blood.
- Oxygen extraction was then determined based on the blood gas analysis from the arterial and venous blood samples.
Findings and Interpretations
- The differences in the minimum mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean heart rate (HR), and oxygen extraction (OE) from the baseline to the observation period were termed delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE.
- The results established the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for the deltas in both the morphine and placebo groups.
- In the morphine group, the 95% CIs for delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE were reported to be -20.5 to -9.0, 0.6 to 3.1, and -0.1 to 0.6, respectively.
- In the placebo group, these values were -17.4 to -10.1, 0.2 to 2.0, and -0.2 to 0.3, respectively.
- The 95% CI for the differences in delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE between the two groups were -5.5 to 7.6, -2.3 to 0.7, and -0.7 to 0.2, respectively.
- It was noted that the minimum MAP reduced by around 50% between baseline and observation period in one horse from the morphine group, with almost unchanged OE and HR.
- The overall findings suggested that morphine, at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg administered intravenously, has minimal effect on the HR, MAP, and OE in healthy horses anesthetized with isoflurane and a dexmedetomidine infusion.
Cite This Article
APA
Hoeberg E, Haga HA, Lervik A.
(2022).
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse.
Front Vet Sci, 9, 1007345.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1007345 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 24 references
- Riviere JE, Papich MG, Adams HR. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 9th Edn. Ames, IW: Wiley-Blackwell Press; (2009).
- Love EJ, Lane JG, Murison PJ. Morphine administration in horses anaesthetized for upper respiratory tract surgery.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2006 May;33(3):179-88.
- MORRIS KJ, ZEPPA R. HISTAMINE-INDUCED HYPOTENSION DUE TO MORPHINE AND ARFONAD IN THE DOG.. J Surg Res 1963 Aug;3:313-7.
- EVANS AG, NASMYTH PA, STEWART HC. The fall of blood pressure caused by intravenous morphine in the rat and the cat.. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1952 Dec;7(4):542-52.
- Kayaalp SO, Kaymakçalan S. A comparative study of the effects of morphine in unanaesthetized and anaesthetized cats.. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1966 Jan;26(1):196-204.
- Kalpravidh M, Lumb WV, Wright M, Heath RB. Effects of butorphanol, flunixin, levorphanol, morphine, and xylazine in ponies.. Am J Vet Res 1984 Feb;45(2):217-23.
- Muir WW, Skarda RT, Sheehan WC. Cardiopulmonary effects of narcotic agonists and a partial agonist in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1978 Oct;39(10):1632-5.
- Nolan AM, Chambers JP, Hale GJ. The Cardiorespiratory effects of morphine and butorphanol in horses anaesthetised under clinical conditions. J Vet Anesth (1991) 1:19–24.
- Mircica E, Clutton RE, Kyles KW, Blissitt KJ. Problems associated with perioperative morphine in horses: a retrospective case analysis.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003 Jul;30(3):147-55.
- Hamamoto-Hardman BD, Steffey EP, Weiner D, McKemie DS, Kass P, Knych HK. Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of morphine and its active metabolites in horses after intravenous administration of four doses.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019 Jul;42(4):401-410.
- Ruíz-López P, Morgaz J, Quirós-Carmona S, Navarrete-Calvo R, Domínguez JM, Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Granados MM. Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 15;12(8).
- Schauvliege S, Gasthuys F. Drugs for cardiovascular support in anesthetized horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Apr;29(1):19-49.
- Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA. Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, 4th Edn. Ames, IW: Blackwell Press; (2007).
- Johnston GM, Eastment JK, Wood J, Taylor PM. The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2002 Oct;29(4):159-170.
- Risberg ÅI, Ranheim B, Krontveit RI, Lervik A, Haga HA. The cardiovascular status of isoflurane-anaesthetized horses with and without dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion evaluated at equivalent depths of anaesthesia.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016 Jul;43(4):412-23.
- Silance PG, Simon C, Vincent JL. The relation between cardiac index and oxygen extraction in acutely ill patients.. Chest 1994 Apr;105(4):1190-7.
- Mishra P, Pandey CM, Singh U, Gupta A, Sahu C, Keshri A. Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data.. Ann Card Anaesth 2019 Jan-Mar;22(1):67-72.
- Benmansour P, Husulak ML, Bracamonte JL, Beazley SG, Withnall E, Duke-Novakovski T. Cardiopulmonary effects of an infusion of remifentanil or morphine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014 Jul;41(4):346-56.
- Clark L, Clutton RE, Blissitt KJ, Chase-Topping ME. Effects of peri-operative morphine administration during halothane anaesthesia in horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005 Jan;32(1):10-5.
- du Prel JB, Hommel G, Röhrig B, Blettner M. Confidence interval or p-value?: part 4 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009 May;106(19):335-9.
- Amrhein V, Greenland S, McShane B. Scientists rise up against statistical significance.. Nature 2019 Mar;567(7748):305-307.
- Gasthuys F, de Moor A, Parmentier D. Haemodynamic effects of change in position and respiration mode during a standard halothane anaesthesia in ponies.. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1991 Apr;38(3):203-11.
- Stegmann GF, Littlejohn A. The effect of lateral and dorsal recumbency on cardiopulmonary function in the anaesthetised horse.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1987 Mar;58(1):21-7.
- Marcilla MG, Schauvliege S, Segaert S, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F. Influence of a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2012 Jan;39(1):49-58.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
