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Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 11; 1403174; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1403174

Case report: Equine metacarpophalangeal joint partial and full thickness defects treated with allogenic equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cell combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cell conditioned medium.

Abstract: Here, we describe a case of a 5-year-old show-jumping stallion presented with severe lameness, swelling, and pain on palpation of the left metacarpophalangeal joint (MCj). Diagnostic imaging revealed full and partial-thickness articular defects over the lateral condyle of the third metacarpus (MC3) and the dorsolateral aspect of the first phalanx (P1). After the lesion's arthroscopic curettage, the patient was subjected to an innovative regenerative treatment consisting of two intra-articular injections of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eSM-MSCs) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells conditioned medium (UC-MSC CM), 15 days apart. A 12-week rehabilitation program was accomplished, and lameness, pain, and joint effusion were remarkably reduced; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan presented incomplete healing of the MC3's lesion, prompting a second round of treatment. Subsequently, the horse achieved clinical soundness and returned to a higher level of athletic performance, and imaging exams revealed the absence of lesions at P1, fulfillment of the osteochondral lesion, and cartilage-like tissue formation at MC3's lesion site. The positive outcomes suggest the effectiveness of this combination for treating full and partial cartilage defects in horses. Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their bioactive factors compose a novel therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration and organ function restoration with anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative impact through paracrine mechanisms.
Copyright © 2024 Reis, Lopes, Sousa, Sousa, Rêma, Caseiro, Briote, Rocha, Pereira, Mendonça, Santos, Lamas, Atayde, Alvites and Maurício.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-22 PubMed ID: 38840629PubMed Central: PMC11150641DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1403174Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research discusses a case where a lame horse with joint defects was treated using a novel combination of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium. This approach successfully improved the horse’s condition and allowed it to return to high-level athletic performance.

Presentation of the Horse and Diagnostics

  • In this study, researchers examined a 5-year-old stallion show jumper that had been experiencing significant lameness, swelling, and pain in the left metacarpophalangeal joint.
  • Through diagnostic imaging, they found full and partial thickness defects in the dorsolateral aspect of the first phalanx (P1) and the lateral condyle of the third metacarpus (MC3).

Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

  • Following the diagnosis, the team curated the lesion through arthroscopic curettage and then applied a groundbreaking regenerative treatment.
  • This treatment included administering two intra-articular injections of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eSM-MSCs) mixed with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells conditioned medium (UC-MSC CM). These injections were given 15 days apart.

Rehabilitation and Follow-Up

  • A <a href="/equine-rehabilitation-guide/" title="Equine Rehabilitation Programs: What to Expect When Your Horse is Recovering – [Guide]”>12-week rehabilitation program was implemented following the procedure. After this period, it was observed that the horse’s lameness, pain, and joint effusion had significantly decreased.
  • However, CT scans and MRIs revealed incomplete healing of the MC3’s lesion. This necessitated a second round of treatment.

Outcome of the treatment

  • Upon completion of the second round of treatment, the horse attained clinical soundness and was able to return to a higher level of athletic performance.
  • Further imaging examination demonstrated the absence of lesions at P1 and the fulfillment of the osteochondral lesion. Additionally, researchers noted the development of cartilage-like tissue at the lesion site on MC3.
  • The positive outcome of this case suggests that the combination of eSM-MSCs and UC-MSC CM does have potential for treating full and partial cartilage defects in horses.
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their bioactive factors suggest a promising therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration and restoring organ function. They function through paracrine mechanisms and have both anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects.

Cite This Article

APA
Reis IL, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Rêma A, Caseiro AR, Briote I, Rocha AM, Pereira JP, Mendonça CM, Santos JM, Lamas L, Atayde LM, Alvites RD, Maurício AC. (2024). Case report: Equine metacarpophalangeal joint partial and full thickness defects treated with allogenic equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cell combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cell conditioned medium. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1403174. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1403174

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1403174

Researcher Affiliations

Reis, I L
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra, Gandra, Portugal.
Lopes, B
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
Sousa, P
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
Sousa, A C
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
Rêma, A
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
Caseiro, A R
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Coimbra, Portugal.
  • Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Coimbra, Portugal.
Briote, I
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.
Rocha, A M
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.
Pereira, J P
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.
Mendonça, C M
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.
Santos, J M
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
Lamas, L
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
  • CIISA-Centro Interdisciplinar-Investigação em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Atayde, L M
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.
Alvites, R D
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra, Gandra, Portugal.
Maurício, A C
  • Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
  • Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Shi L, Khan MZ, Ullah A, Liang H, Geng M, Akhtar MF, Na J, Han Y, Wang C. Advancements in Stem Cell Applications for Livestock Research: A Review. Vet Sci 2025 Apr 23;12(5).
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  2. Reis IL, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Caseiro AR, Mendonça CM, Santos JM, Atayde LM, Alvites RD, Maurício AC. Equine Musculoskeletal Pathologies: Clinical Approaches and Therapeutical Perspectives-A Review. Vet Sci 2024 Apr 26;11(5).
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