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International journal of experimental pathology2007; 88(4); 227-235; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00549.x

Cell phenotypic variation in normal and damaged tendons.

Abstract: Injuries to tendons are common in both human athletes as well as in animals, such as the horse, which are used for competitive purposes. Furthermore, such injuries are also increasing in prevalence in the ageing, sedentary population. Tendon diseases often respond poorly to treatment and require lengthy periods of rehabilitation. The tendon has a unique extracellular matrix, which has developed to withstand the mechanical demands of such tensile-load bearing structures. Following injury, any repair process is inadequate and results in tissue that is distinct from original tendon tissue. There is growing evidence for the key role of the tendon cell (tenocyte) in both the normal physiological homeostasis and regulation of the tendon matrix and the pathological derangements that occur in disease. In particular, the tenocyte is considered to have a major role in effecting the subclinical matrix degeneration that is thought to occur prior to clinical disease, as well as in the severe degradative events that occur in the tendon at the onset of clinical disease. Furthermore, the tenocyte is likely to have a central role in the production of the biologically inadequate fibrocartilaginous repair tissue that develops subsequent to tendinopathy. Understanding the biology of the tenocyte is central to the development of appropriate interventions and drug therapies that will either prevent the onset of disease, or lead to more rapid and appropriate repair of injured tendon. Central to this is a full understanding of the proteolytic response in the tendon in disease by such enzymes as metalloproteinases, as well as the control of the inappropriate fibrocartilaginous differentiation. Finally, it is important that we understand the role of both intrinsic and extrinsic cellular elements in the repair process in the tendon subsequent to injury.
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Publication Date: 2007-08-19 PubMed ID: 17696903PubMed Central: PMC2517321DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00549.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the role of tenocytes, the cells within tendons, in the normal functioning and in injuries of tendons, often seen in athletes, aging individuals, and competitive animals. The study aims to further understand the processes behind tendon degradation and repair, and how this understanding can form the basis for future interventions and drug therapies.

Understanding Tendon Injuries and Roles of Tenocytes

  • The researchers focus on tendon injuries which are common among athletes and competitive animals and are also growing in prevalence amongst the older population.
  • Tendons possess a unique extracellular matrix designed to handle substantial mechanical stress. However, when tendons get injured, the reparative process often yields inferior, non-tendon-like tissue which are less functional.
  • Central to this research is the role of tenocytes in both normal physiological function of tendons and in disease conditions. These cells play a critical part in initial sub-clinical matrix degradation that transpires before visible disease, as well as in extreme degradation events at the onset of clinical disease.

The Role of Tenocytes in Tendon Repair

  • Following tendon injuries, tenocytes also contribute to the formation of biologically inferior fibrocartilaginous repair tissue, which is distinct from the unique matrix of intact tendon.
  • Understanding the biology of tenocytes is key to developing targeted interventions and drug therapies that either prevent disease onset or facilitate more rapid and effective repair of injured tendons.

Exploring Proteolytic Response and Fibrocartilaginous Differentiation

  • The research places emphasis on investigating proteolytic responses in tendons during disease stages, referring to the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. This is an important process identified in tendon tissue during disease conditions.
  • The study also seeks to understand the control of fibrocartilaginous differentiation, which refers to the transformation of tenocytes into inferior, disease-like fibrocartilaginous cells following tendon injuries.

Understanding the Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cellular Elements

  • Lastly, the study highlights the importance of understanding the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic cellular components in tendon repair following injury.
  • Intrinsic components refer to the tenocytes within the tendon itself, while extrinsic components could involve other cellular entities from outside the tendon that may influence the repair process.

Cite This Article

APA
Clegg PD, Strassburg S, Smith RK. (2007). Cell phenotypic variation in normal and damaged tendons. Int J Exp Pathol, 88(4), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00549.x

Publication

International journal of experimental pathology
ISSN: 0959-9673
NlmUniqueID: 9014042
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 88
Issue: 4
Pages: 227-235

Researcher Affiliations

Clegg, Peter D
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Leahurst, Neston, UK. p.d.clegg@liverpool.ac.uk
Strassburg, Sandra
    Smith, Roger K

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Cell Differentiation
      • Chondrocytes / physiology
      • Horse Diseases / enzymology
      • Horse Diseases / pathology
      • Horses
      • Humans
      • Peptide Hydrolases / physiology
      • Tendinopathy / enzymology
      • Tendinopathy / pathology
      • Tendinopathy / veterinary
      • Tendons / cytology
      • Tendons / pathology

      Grant Funding

      • Wellcome Trust

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