Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses.
Abstract: To evaluate selected hemodynamic, blood gas, and biochemical responses to mild to moderate acute blood loss in standing, awake horses. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: 7 healthy mares. Methods: Each horse was restrained in standing stocks, and its head was maintained in a neutral position; sedatives and tranquilizers were not administered. During a 1-hour period, blood was collected into collection bags by use of a suction pump. The rate of blood collection was approximately 16 mL/kg/h (7.3 mL/lb/h). Thirty minutes after blood collection, the blood was readministered at the same rate. Central venous pressure (CVP), central venous blood gas, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate were measured at baseline (after placement of catheters), after removal of blood, and after readministration of blood. Results: In response to blood loss, CVP decreased and blood lactate concentration increased significantly, compared with baseline values; heart rate and results of central venous blood gas analysis did not change significantly. After readministration of blood, CVP returned to baseline value and blood lactate concentration approached baseline value. Conclusions: Changes in CVP and blood lactate concentration appear to be early indicators of hypovolemia in horses, which may represent acute blood loss in trauma patients; these variables should be monitored to assess the potential need for blood transfusions. These variables can be used to monitor responses of horses to blood transfusions when whole blood is administered as the replacement fluid.
Publication Date: 2006-11-03 PubMed ID: 17078809DOI: 10.2460/javma.229.9.1458Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article investigates the changes in central venous pressure (CVP) and blood lactate concentration in horses during acute blood loss and subsequent blood transfusion.
Methodology
- The study was conducted prospectively on 7 healthy mares. No sedatives or tranquilizers were used during the experiment.
- The horses were restrained in the standing position and the head was kept neutral.
- Over an hour, blood was collected from the horses using a suction pump. The rate of blood collection was roughly 16 mL/kg/h.
- Thirty minutes after the blood collection, the blood was re-infused at the same rate it was originally collected.
- Various measurements such as CVP, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were carried out at specific milestones; namely, before the experiment (baseline), after blood draw, and post-blood transfusion. The central venous blood gas levels were also analyzed.
Results
- According to the findings, blood loss led to a significant drop in CVP and an increase in blood lactate concentration as compared to the baseline.
- Contrary to expectations, the heart rate and outcomes of central venous blood gas did not vary significantly.
- The blood transfusion restored CVP to approximately the initial value and brought down blood lactate concentration.
Conclusion
- The research concludes that CVP and blood lactate concentration are early markers of hypovolemia (a condition of decreased blood volume), which signifies acute blood loss in traumatic cases in horses.
- Monitoring these variables could potentially help in assessing the necessity for a blood transfusion.
- Moreover, these variables can also serve to track how the horse’s body is responding when a blood transfusion is administered, making them viable factors to consider in circumstances that warrant the use of whole blood as a replacement fluid.
Cite This Article
APA
Magdesian KG, Fielding CL, Rhodes DM, Ruby RE.
(2006).
Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 229(9), 1458-1462.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.229.9.1458 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Blood Pressure / physiology
- Female
- Heart Rate / physiology
- Hemorrhage / physiopathology
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Hemostasis / physiology
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses / physiology
- Hypovolemia / diagnosis
- Hypovolemia / veterinary
- Lactates / blood
- Prospective Studies
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Marik PE, Monnet X, Teboul JL. Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy. Ann Intensive Care 2011 Mar 21;1(1):1.
- Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F, Ali H. Changes in the hematobiochemical, acid-base and blood gas elements as well as biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in donkeys (Equus asinus) with acute bleeding. Open Vet J 2024 May;14(5):1146-1153.
- Nishida Y, Yamamoto R, Ono S, Sasaki J. Association between preoperative lactate level and early complications after surgery for isolated extremity fracture. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024 Apr 23;25(1):314.
- Kim Y, Ku JY, Jung Y, Lim YH, Ji MJ, Park YJ, Cho HC, Choi KS, Park J. Evaluation of haematological parameters in haemolytic anaemia caused by tick-borne pathogens in grazing cattle. Vet Med Sci 2024 May;10(3):e1434.
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