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BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 182; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1089-1

Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses.

Abstract: Septic arthritis is a common and potentially devastating disease characterized by severe intra-articular (IA) inflammation and fibrin deposition. Research into equine joint pathologies has focused on inflammation, but recent research in humans suggests that both haemostatic and inflammatory pathways are activated in the joint compartment in arthritic conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the IA haemostatic and inflammatory responses in horses with experimental lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced joint inflammation. Inflammation was induced by IA injection of LPS into one antebrachiocarpal joint of six horses. Horses were evaluated clinically with subjective grading of lameness, and blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected at post injection hours (PIH) -120, -96, -24, 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 144. Total protein (TP), white blood cell counts (WBC), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, iron, fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and d-dimer concentrations were assessed in blood and SF. Results: Intra-articular injection of LPS caused local and systemic signs of inflammation including increased rectal temperature, lameness and increased joint circumference and skin temperature. Most of the biomarkers (TP, WBC, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and TAT) measured in SF increased quickly after LPS injection (at PIH 2-4), whereas SAA and d-dimer levels increased more slowly (at PIH 16 and 144, respectively). SF iron concentrations did not change statistically significantly. Blood WBC, SAA, haptoglobin and fibrinogen increased and iron decreased significantly in response to the IA LPS injection, while TAT and d-dimer concentrations did not change. Repeated pre-injection arthrocenteses caused significant changes in SF concentrations of TP, WBC and haptoglobin. Conclusions: Similar to inflammatory joint disease in humans, joint inflammation in horses was accompanied by an IA haemostatic response with changes in fibrinogen, TAT and d-dimer concentrations. Inflammatory and haemostatic responses were induced simultaneously and may likely interact. Further studies of interactions between the two responses are needed for a better understanding of pathogenesis of joint disease in horses. Knowledge of effects of repeated arthrocenteses on levels of SF biomarkers may be of value when markers are used for diagnostic purposes.
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Publication Date: 2017-06-19 PubMed ID: 28629364PubMed Central: PMC5477303DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1089-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the effects of inducing inflammation in a horse’s joint through an injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), specifically focusing on the changes it causes in haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers observed in the joint’s synovial fluid.

Objective and Methodology

  • The research was conducted to understand the inflammatory and haemostatic responses in horses’ joints after being exposed to experimental lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced joint inflammation.
  • Using a sample of six horses, the researchers induced inflammation by injecting LPS into one antebrachiocarpal joint, the joint between the forelimb and the carpal (wrist) of the horses.
  • Lameness was assessed, and blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected at multiple intervals following the injection.
  • Various biomarkers were studied in both blood and synovial fluid samples, which included Total protein (TP), white blood cell counts(WBC), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, iron, fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and d-dimer concentrations.

Findings

  • The LPS injection resulted in both local and systemic signs of inflammation including increased rectal temperature, lameness, increased joint circumference and skin temperature.
  • Most of the biomarkers – TP, WBC, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and TAT – recorded a rapid increase in SF right after the LPS injection (at PIH 2-4), while the increase in the levels of SAA and d-dimer was slower.
  • Iron concentrations in SF did not experience any statistically significant changes.
  • In the blood, WBC, SAA, haptoglobin and fibrinogen increased and iron decreased significantly in response to the IA LPS injection, indicating a systemic reaction to the induced inflammation.
  • TAT and d-dimer concentrations in the blood remained unchanged.
  • Repeated pre-injection arthrocenteses, a procedure to remove joint fluid, led to significant changes in SF levels of TP, WBC, and haptoglobin.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • Analogous to the inflammatory joint disease in humans, joint inflammation in horses was accompanied by changes in fibrinogen, TAT, and d-dimer concentrations.
  • Additionally, it was observed that both inflammatory and haemostatic responses were triggered and likely worked interactively in response to induced inflammation.
  • Moreover, the repeated arthrocenteses caused significant alterations in the biomarker levels in the synovial fluid, a fact to be kept in mind while using these markers for diagnostic purposes.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the interactions between the haemostatic and inflammatory responses for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of joint disease in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Andreassen SM, Vinther AML, Nielsen SS, Andersen PH, Tnibar A, Kristensen AT, Jacobsen S. (2017). Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1089-1

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 182
PII: 182

Researcher Affiliations

Andreassen, Stine Mandrup
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, DK-2630, Tåstrup, Denmark.
Vinther, Anne Mette Lindberg
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, DK-2630, Tåstrup, Denmark.
Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
  • Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Andersen, Pia Haubro
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, DK-2630, Tåstrup, Denmark.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish Agricultural University, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
Tnibar, Aziz
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, DK-2630, Tåstrup, Denmark.
Kristensen, Annemarie T
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Jacobsen, Stine
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, DK-2630, Tåstrup, Denmark. stj@sund.ku.dk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antithrombin Proteins / metabolism
  • Arthritis, Experimental / blood
  • Arthritis, Experimental / metabolism
  • Arthritis, Experimental / veterinary
  • Arthrocentesis / veterinary
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / metabolism
  • Fibrinogen / metabolism
  • Hemostasis / drug effects
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Injections, Intra-Articular
  • Lameness, Animal / chemically induced
  • Lameness, Animal / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Male
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism
  • Thrombin / metabolism

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Citations

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