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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Changes in plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activ...
Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 11; 1345548; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1345548

Changes in plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in aging riding horses.

Abstract: In older horses, basal metabolic rate decreases, and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations related to energy metabolism change. The occurrence of age-related diseases, which increases in old animals, may enhance inflammatory reactivity (inflammaging). Finding the appropriate treatment for inflammaging at an early stage may prevent various age-related diseases. Changes in metabolite and hormone concentrations and enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism in the plasma of clinically healthy riding horses of various ages were measured to identify biomarkers of inflammaging (persistent low-grade inflammation that occurs with aging). All horses were clinically healthy, and their body condition scores (BCSs) were 4 or 5 (9-point scale). Plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-Cho), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations generally increased with age. Adiponectin concentrations, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), and leukocyte AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities decreased, while plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) remained unchanged as horses aged. Although riding horses that partake in continuous exercise seems to be less likely to develop inflammaging, horses over 17 years of age tend to show proinflammatory signs with disordered lipid metabolism. In riding horses, SAA, in combination with other markers, may be a useful biomarker for inflammaging and dysregulated lipid metabolism in aging horses.
Copyright © 2024 Asahi, Arai and Tanaka.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-31 PubMed ID: 38881783PubMed Central: PMC11177609DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1345548Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research investigates how concentrations of metabolic substances and enzyme activities change in aging riding horses’ blood plasma, and explores potential biomarkers for inflammaging – a chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs with age, which could assist early treatment and prevention of numerous aging-related diseases.

Overview of Study

  • The goal of the study was to examine the changes in plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme functions related to energy metabolism in actively ridden aging horses, to identify potential biomarkers of inflammaging, a kind of persistent low-grade inflammation that arises with age.
  • The researchers analysed these changes in horses in various age groups who were all evaluated as clinically healthy with a body condition score (BCS) of 4 or 5 on a 9-point scale.
  • Findings from this study could be used to develop better treatments for inflammaging in its early stages to help prevent the development of a range of diseases linked with age.

Findings

  • The researchers found that as horses age, there were changes in the concentrations of a variety of plasma metabolites and hormones. This included generally increased levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-Cho), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum amyloid A (SAA), a pro-inflammatory protein.
  • The study revealed there was a decrease in Adiponectin concentrations, a hormone involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown, along with the activities of leukocyte AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), all of which decreased with age.
  • There was no significant change found in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as the horses aged.
  • The research also discovered that older horses, especially those over 17 years old, displayed a tendency towards disordered lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory signs, despite their continuous exercise regimen.

Implications

  • In combination with other markers, SAA was considered a valuable potential biomarker for inflammaging and disrupted lipid metabolism in aging horses.
  • The findings help enrich our understanding of how energy metabolism and inflammation react to aging in horses, potentially guiding the way towards early protective treatments against age-related diseases in these animals.
  • Further studies are needed to fully validate SAA as a reliable biomarker and to investigate how these findings could be applied for the treatment of other inflammaging-related conditions in horses and possibly even in other species.

Cite This Article

APA
Asahi Y, Arai T, Tanaka Y. (2024). Changes in plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in aging riding horses. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1345548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1345548

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1345548
PII: 1345548

Researcher Affiliations

Asahi, Yukari
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.
Arai, Toshiro
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.
Tanaka, Yoshikazu
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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