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Home / Equine Research Bank / Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol / Changes in the metabolic profile of the equine gluteus mediu...
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology1988; 91(4); 815-819; doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90969-3

Changes in the metabolic profile of the equine gluteus medius as a function of sampling depth.

Abstract: 1. Cross sections from the middle of the gluteus medius were removed from 10 adult horses and used to evaluate changes in histochemically determined muscle fiber type and biochemically determined metabolic enzyme activities as a function of sample depth. 2. Muscle fiber types determined using histochemical methods for myosin ATPase (pH 9.4) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity indicated percent fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) muscle fibers decreased and slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers increased as a function of increasing sampling depth. 3. Percent histochemically determined fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers decreased slightly only in the deepest region of the gluteus medius. 4. Citrate synthase (CS) enzymatic activity, used as a marker for mitochondrial oxidative potential, increased 2.5-fold in activity per g of muscle protein from 1 to 8 cm sampling depth. 5. 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) enzymatic activity, used as a marker for lipid oxidation potential, increased 3-fold in activity per g of muscle protein when the depth increased from 1 to 8 cm. 6. Phosphorylase (PS) enzymatic activity, used as a marker for potential glycogen utilization, decreased 50% in activity per g of muscle protein when going from 1 to 8 cm. 7. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymatic activity, used as a marker for anaerobic glycolytic potential, decreased about 50% in activity as the sampling depth increased from 1 to 8 cm. 8. In summary, the superficial portion of the equine gluteus medius was found to be more glycolytic and less aerobic in its metabolic profile than deeper regions. The muscle became progressively more aerobic and less glycolytic with increasing sampling depth.
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Publication Date: 1988-01-01 PubMed ID: 2907449DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90969-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This paper examines how the metabolic profile of the equine gluteus medius, a muscle in horses, changes in its deeper layers. The study finds that different types of muscle fibers and metabolic activities vary in quantity and type depending on the depth of the sample taken from the muscle.

Methodology

  • The researchers took a cross-section from the middle of the gluteus medius of ten adult horses.
  • They measured the different types of muscle fibers and metabolic enzyme activities at different depths of this sample.

Muscle Fiber Types

  • Fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) muscle fibers, which are used for quick, intense actions and preferentially use glucose as fuel, decrease with increasing sample depth.
  • Slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers, which are used for endurance activities and preferentially use fat as fuel, increase with increasing sample depth.
  • Fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fiber, which are a mixture of the two types above and use both glucose and fat as fuel, decrease only slightly and only in the deepest parts of the muscle.

Metabolic Enzyme Activities

  • The activities of various enzymes related to energy production in the muscle change at different sample depths.
    • Citrate synthase (CS), which is used as a measure of the muscle’s potential for producing energy through the oxidative (aerobic) system, increases 2.5 times from the surface of the muscle to 8 cm deep.
    • 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), an indicator of the muscle’s potential to oxidize fat for energy, increase 3 times between surface and 8 cm deep.
    • Phosphorylase (PS), an enzyme involved in the usage of glycogen, drops in activity by half between the surface and 8 cm deep.
    • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme used to measure the muscle’s potential for anaerobic energy production, also drops by about 50% between the surface and 8 cm deep.

Metabolic Profile

  • The superficial (top) part of the equine gluteus medius muscle is more glycolytic (burning sugar for energy in an anaerobic manner) and less oxidative (burning fuel using oxygen in an aerobic manner).
  • As you go deeper into the muscle, it becomes more oxidative and less glycolytic.

Cite This Article

APA
Kline KH, Bechtel PJ. (1988). Changes in the metabolic profile of the equine gluteus medius as a function of sampling depth. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol, 91(4), 815-819. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)90969-3

Publication

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology
ISSN: 0300-9629
NlmUniqueID: 1276312
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 91
Issue: 4
Pages: 815-819

Researcher Affiliations

Kline, K H
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Bechtel, P J

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Biopsy / veterinary
    • Citrate (si)-Synthase / metabolism
    • Female
    • Horses / metabolism
    • L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
    • Male
    • Muscle, Smooth / metabolism
    • Phosphorylases / metabolism

    Citations

    This article has been cited 6 times.
    1. Bal NC, Periasamy M. Uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity by sarcolipin as the basis for muscle non-shivering thermogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020 Mar 2;375(1793):20190135.
      doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0135pubmed: 31928193google scholar: lookup
    2. White SH, Warren LK, Li C, Wohlgemuth SE. Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes. Sci Rep 2017 Oct 30;7(1):14389.
      doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14691-4pubmed: 29085004google scholar: lookup
    3. Wagner AL, Urschel KL, Lefta M, Esser KA. Effect of gluteus medius muscle sample collection depth on postprandial mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mature Thoroughbred mares. Am J Vet Res 2013 Jun;74(6):910-7.
      doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.6.910pubmed: 23718660google scholar: lookup
    4. Votion DM, Gnaiger E, Lemieux H, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Serteyn D. Physical fitness and mitochondrial respiratory capacity in horse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e34890.
      doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034890pubmed: 22529950google scholar: lookup
    5. Watson RR, Kanatous SB, Cowan DF, Wen JW, Han VC, Davis RW. Volume density and distribution of mitochondria in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) skeletal muscle. J Comp Physiol B 2007 Jan;177(1):89-98.
      doi: 10.1007/s00360-006-0111-xpubmed: 16924524google scholar: lookup
    6. López-Rivero JL, Serrano AL, Diz AM, Galisteo AM. Variability of muscle fibre composition and fibre size in the horse gluteus medius: an enzyme-histochemical and morphometric study. J Anat 1992 Aug;181 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):1-10.
      pubmed: 1284127
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