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Frontiers in microbiology2025; 16; 1582821; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582821

Characteristics and dynamic changes of gut microbiota in Mongolian horses and Guizhou horses.

Abstract: The gut microbial importance and its crucial roles in host digestion, immunity, and metabolism have received widely attention. Horses, especially indigenous varieties such as Mongolian horses (MGH) and Guizhou horses (GZH), have not received sufficient attention, and the characteristics of their gut microbiota are still unclear. For this purpose, we collected faecal samples from eight MGH and eight GZH to compare their gut microbial differences using amplicon sequencing. The results of alpha diversity analysis indicated that the gut bacterial diversity and gut fungal abundance in GZH were significantly higher than those in MGH. Meanwhile, beta diversity revealed that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial and fungal structures between GZH and MGH. Although the dominant bacterial and fungal phyla of GZH and MGH were the same, there were a large number of significantly different bacteria and fungi between both groups. Moreover, we observed that there were 32 phyla (23 bacterial phyla and 9 fungal phyla) and 718 genera (383 bacterial genera and 335 fungal genera) with significant differences between the GZH and MGH. Notably, this study also revealed some differences in intestinal functions between MGH and GZH, such as chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, and cellulolysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the comparative analysis of the gut microbiota between MGH and GZH. Our results demonstrated that GZH have a richer and more diverse gut microbiota compared with MGH. Additionally, these results are important for understanding the gut microbial characteristics of indigenous horse.
Copyright © 2025 Li and Lan.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-15 PubMed ID: 40303476PubMed Central: PMC12037498DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582821Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the gut microbiota of two indigenous horse varieties, Mongolian and Guizhou horses, demonstrating differences in bacterial and fungal diversity as well as in gut function between the two types.

Objective

The primary objective of the study was to explore and compare the characteristics of gut microbiota in Mongolian horses (MGH) and Guizhou horses (GZH) and understand its implications on the digestion, immunity, and metabolism of the host organisms. The researchers aimed to fill the knowledge gap given the insufficient attention that these indigenous horse varieties have received in previous studies.

Data Collection

  • Researchers collected fecal samples from eight Mongolian horses and eight Guizhou horses for the study.
  • The gut microbial differences between these samples were analyzed using amplicon sequencing, a method used for genotyping and characterizing microbiomes.

Diversity Analysis Results

  • The alpha diversity analysis of the data revealed that Guizhou horses had significantly higher gut bacterial diversity and gut fungal abundance compared to Mongolian horses.
  • However, the beta diversity analysis indicated that there were significant differences in both the gut bacterial and fungal structures between the two horse varieties.
  • The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla were observed to be the same in both horse types. Still, there were a large number of significantly different bacteria and fungi between the two groups.
  • Specifically, there were 32 phyla (23 bacterial and 9 fungal) and 718 genera (383 bacterial and 335 fungal) showing significant differences between Guizhou and Mongolian horses.

Functional Differences In Gut

  • Apart from the microbial differentiations, the study also revealed functional differences in the intestine of the two horse varieties.
  • The primary areas of difference pertained to chemoheterotrophy (the ability of an organism to derive its energy by oxidizing organic compounds), fermentation, and cellulolysis (breakdown of cellulose).

Conclusion

  • This comparative analysis of Guizhou and Mongolian horses’ gut microbiota demonstrates a richer and more diverse gut microbiota in Guizhou horses.
  • These findings offer vital information about the gut microbial characteristics of indigenous horses, contributing to the broader understanding of these equine species’ digestive health and immunity.

Cite This Article

APA
Li Y, Lan Y. (2025). Characteristics and dynamic changes of gut microbiota in Mongolian horses and Guizhou horses. Front Microbiol, 16, 1582821. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582821

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 1582821

Researcher Affiliations

Li, Yaonan
  • School of Physical Education and National Equestrian Academy, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.
  • Research Center for Modern Equine Industry Development, Wuhan, China.
Lan, Yanfang
  • School of Physical Education and National Equestrian Academy, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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