Characterization and angiogenic potential of xenogeneic bone grafting materials: Role of periodontal ligament cells.

This research study investigates the suitability of three different types of bone grafting materials, derived from horses (equine) and pigs (porcine) as well as anorganic Bio-Oss. The study found that two of the materials, Gen-Os equine and Gen-Os porcine, have enhanced ability to generate new blood vessels, which is crucial for bone healing, when applied to certain types of bone cells.

Study Materials: Xenogeneic Bone Grafting and PDL Cells

• This study used three different xenogeneic bone grafting materials: Gen-Os of equine and porcine origins, and anorganic Bio-Oss. Xenogeneic materials are those sourced from a different species. In this case, Gen-Os materials are derived from horses and pigs, while Bio-Oss is an anorganic material with no animal or human origin.
• Composed of poorly crystalline calcium oxide phosphate, all three materials were observed for their individual characteristics. Bio-Oss was identified to have a carbonated phase and larger particle size, while both Gen-Os materials showed the presence of collagen.
• Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were used in conjunction with these materials, as their role plays a major part in healing of bone defects. VEGF, or vascular endothelial growth factor, secretion by these cells was monitored, as it is key in the formation of new blood vessels.

Findings: Enhancement of Angiogenesis

• Looking at the angiogenic potential, or ability to form new blood vessels, of these materials, significant enhancement was observed with both Gen-Os materials.
• The secretion of VEGF by PDL cells was significantly increased when these cells were exposed to Gen-Os materials. This indicates that the Gen-Os materials are likely aiding in the production of this important growth factor.
• Significant increase in endothelial cell proliferation, essentially the growth and multiplication of these vital blood vessel cells, was observed in cultures with both Gen-Os conditioned media. No such increase was observed with Bio-Oss conditioned media.
• Stimulation of angiogenesis was also demonstrated by increased formation of capillary-like structures when both Gen-Os conditioned media were used.

Conclusions: Potential of Gen-Os Materials

• Taken together, these findings suggest an enhanced angiogenic potential of both Gen-Os bone grafting materials when applied on PDL cells.
• This result is most likely due to the potential of these materials to increase VEGF production, which is essential for revascularization and successful healing of bone defects.
• It suggests that Gen-Os bone grafting materials of both equine and porcine origins could be an effective tool for promoting healing in periodontal bone defects.