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Immunogenetics2009; 61(7); 529-539; doi: 10.1007/s00251-009-0381-z

Characterization of equine and other vertebrate TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes.

Abstract: Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 8 (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8) were studied in the genomes of the domestic horse and several other mammals. The messenger RNA sequences and exon/intron structures of these TLR genes were determined. An equine bacterial artificial chromosome clone containing the TLR3 gene was assigned by fluorescent in situ hybridization to the horse chromosomal location ECA27q16-q17 and this map location was confirmed using an equine radiation hybrid panel. Direct sequencing revealed 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding regions of the equine TLR 3, 7, and 8 genes. Of these polymorphisms, 12 were not previously reported. The allelic frequency was estimated for each single-nucleotide polymorphism from genotyping data obtained for 154 animals from five horse breeds. Some of these frequencies varied significantly among different horse breeds. Domain architecture predictions for the three equine TLR protein sequences revealed several conserved regions within the variable leucine-rich repeats between the corresponding horse and cattle TLR proteins. A phylogenetic analysis did not indicate that any significant exchanges had occurred between paralogous TLR7 and TLR8 genes in 20 vertebrate species analyzed.
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Publication Date: 2009-07-01 PubMed ID: 19568743DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0381-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the genes for Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 8 (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8) in horses and other mammals, looking specifically at their sequence structure, genetic variation, and potential function.

Toll-Like Receptors in Horses and Other Mammals

  • The study examines the genes for TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 in the genomes of the domestic horse and several other mammalian species. Toll-like receptors are proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system’s detection of pathogenic microbes.
  • The researchers sequenced the messenger RNA of these genes and determined their exon/intron structure. This describes the parts of the gene that are expressed, and are significant to understanding the function and regulation of these genes.

Mapping and Sequencing of Equine TLR Genes

  • An equine bacterial artificial chromosome clone containing the TLR3 gene was located on the horse chromosome ECA27q16-q17 using fluorescent in situ hybridization, a technique used to visualize specific parts of the genome. This location was confirmed with an equine radiation hybrid panel.
  • Through direct sequencing, the researchers identified 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions of the equine TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes. SNPs represent differences in single DNA building blocks and can help scientists understand how genetic variations lead to differences within a species.
  • One of these SNPs had been reported before, but twelve were new findings.

Variation Amongst Horse Breeds and Comparison with Other Species

  • The researchers performed genotyping on 154 horses from five different breeds to estimate the frequency of the identified SNPs. They found that these frequencies differed significantly among the different breeds.
  • The TLR proteins from the horse were compared with their equivalents in cattle, revealing several conserved regions within the leucine-rich repeats. This indicates that these proteins likely have similar functions in horses and cattle.
  • Finally, a phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any significant gene swapping between the closely related TLR7 and TLR8 genes across 20 vertebrate species, suggesting that these genes have evolved independently.

Cite This Article

APA
Astakhova NM, Perelygin AA, Zharkikh AA, Lear TL, Coleman SJ, MacLeod JN, Brinton MA. (2009). Characterization of equine and other vertebrate TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes. Immunogenetics, 61(7), 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0381-z

Publication

Immunogenetics
ISSN: 1432-1211
NlmUniqueID: 0420404
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 61
Issue: 7
Pages: 529-539

Researcher Affiliations

Astakhova, Natalia M
  • Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
Perelygin, Andrey A
    Zharkikh, Andrey A
      Lear, Teri L
        Coleman, Stephen J
          MacLeod, James N
            Brinton, Margo A

              MeSH Terms

              • Alleles
              • Animals
              • Base Sequence
              • Cats
              • Cattle
              • Conserved Sequence
              • DNA, Complementary / genetics
              • Dogs
              • Evolution, Molecular
              • Exons
              • Gene Frequency
              • Horses / genetics
              • Horses / immunology
              • Immunogenetic Phenomena
              • Introns
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Phylogeny
              • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
              • Protein Structure, Tertiary
              • RNA, Messenger / genetics
              • Rabbits
              • Species Specificity
              • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / chemistry
              • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / genetics
              • Toll-Like Receptor 7 / chemistry
              • Toll-Like Receptor 7 / genetics
              • Toll-Like Receptor 8 / chemistry
              • Toll-Like Receptor 8 / genetics
              • Vertebrates / genetics
              • Vertebrates / immunology

              Grant Funding

              • R01 CI000216 / NCPDCID CDC HHS
              • CI000216 / NCPDCID CDC HHS

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