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BMC genomics2010; 11; 398; doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-398

Characterization of the equine skeletal muscle transcriptome identifies novel functional responses to exercise training.

Abstract: Digital gene expression profiling was used to characterize the assembly of genes expressed in equine skeletal muscle and to identify the subset of genes that were differentially expressed following a ten-month period of exercise training. The study cohort comprised seven Thoroughbred racehorses from a single training yard. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at rest from the gluteus medius at two time points: T(1) - untrained, (9 +/- 0.5 months old) and T(2) - trained (20 +/- 0.7 months old). Results: The most abundant mRNA transcripts in the muscle transcriptome were those involved in muscle contraction, aerobic respiration and mitochondrial function. A previously unreported over-representation of genes related to RNA processing, the stress response and proteolysis was observed. Following training 92 tags were differentially expressed of which 74 were annotated. Sixteen genes showed increased expression, including the mitochondrial genes ACADVL, MRPS21 and SLC25A29 encoded by the nuclear genome. Among the 58 genes with decreased expression, MSTN, a negative regulator of muscle growth, had the greatest decrease.Functional analysis of all expressed genes using FatiScan revealed an asymmetric distribution of 482 Gene Ontology (GO) groups and 18 KEGG pathways. Functional groups displaying highly significant (P < 0.0001) increased expression included mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism while functional groups with decreased expression were mainly associated with structural genes and included the sarcoplasm, laminin complex and cytoskeleton. Conclusions: Exercise training in Thoroughbred racehorses results in coordinate changes in the gene expression of functional groups of genes related to metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and muscle structure.
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Publication Date: 2010-06-23 PubMed ID: 20573200PubMed Central: PMC2900271DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-398Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research looks into identifying the changes in equine muscle genes that occur as a result of exercise training. It was found that there were significant changes in genes related to metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and muscle structure in Thoroughbred racehorses after a period of training.

Research Objective and Methodology

  • The study aimed at identifying the changes that occur in the genetic composition of horse muscles due to training. To do this, they compared the gene expressions in a group of seven Thoroughbred racehorses at resting state before and after a ten-month training period. The researchers analyzed the genes in the gluteus medius muscle, an important muscle involved in movement.
  • To collect data, muscle biopsies were taken from the horses before the training period (when the horses were about 9 months old) and after the training period (when the horses were about 20 months old). The data from these biopsies were then used for digital gene expression profiling to identify which genes were expressed and how their expression changed due to training.

Research Results

  • The genes most prominently expressed in the muscle tissues were related to muscle contraction, aerobic respiration, and mitochondrial function. They also found an over-expression of genes related to RNA processing, stress response and proteolysis, which had not been reported in earlier studies.
  • Of the genes expressed, they found that 92 of them behaved differently after the horses were trained. Some genes showed an increase in expression after training. For instance, genes ACADVL, MRPS21, and SLC25A29, which are connected with mitochondrial function and are encoded by the nuclear genome, showed an increase.
  • Conversely, 58 genes showed a decrease in their expression, among which was MSTN, a gene that negatively regulates muscle growth.
  • FatiScan, used for functional analysis of gene expressions, revealed an asymmetric distribution of 482 Gene Ontology groups and 18 KEGG pathways that led to significant changes in functional groups. Notably, the functions related to mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism showed increased expression while those associated with structural genes like sarcoplasm, laminin complex, and cytoskeleton displayed diminished expression.

Research Conclusion

  • This research concludes that exercise training influences significant changes in the genetic composition of muscle tissues in Thoroughbred racehorses. These changes impact the functional groups of genes associated with metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and muscle structure, suggesting that the body adapts to exercise at a molecular level as well as a physical level.

Cite This Article

APA
McGivney BA, McGettigan PA, Browne JA, Evans AC, Fonseca RG, Loftus BJ, Lohan A, MacHugh DE, Murphy BA, Katz LM, Hill EW. (2010). Characterization of the equine skeletal muscle transcriptome identifies novel functional responses to exercise training. BMC Genomics, 11, 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-398

Publication

BMC genomics
ISSN: 1471-2164
NlmUniqueID: 100965258
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 398

Researcher Affiliations

McGivney, Beatrice A
  • Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
McGettigan, Paul A
    Browne, John A
      Evans, Alexander C O
        Fonseca, Rita G
          Loftus, Brendan J
            Lohan, Amanda
              MacHugh, David E
                Murphy, Barbara A
                  Katz, Lisa M
                    Hill, Emmeline W

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Female
                      • Gene Expression Profiling / methods
                      • Gene Library
                      • Horses / genetics
                      • Horses / physiology
                      • Humans
                      • Male
                      • Mice
                      • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
                      • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
                      • Physical Conditioning, Animal
                      • Reproducibility of Results
                      • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
                      • Time Factors

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