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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / Circadian Oscillation of Leukocyte Subpopulations and Inflam...
Veterinary sciences2025; 12(4); 386; doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040386

Circadian Oscillation of Leukocyte Subpopulations and Inflammatory Cytokines over a 24-H Period in Horses.

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of daily rhythms on the immune and inflammatory systems in horses, considering white blood cell count (WBCs), leukocyte subpopulations (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes), CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte populations, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Ten Italian Saddle horses (7-12 years old, body weight 480 ± 30 kg) underwent blood sampling every 4 h over a 24-h period. The COSINOR method was used to identify rhythms and their parameters. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to identify the differences in acrophase and robustness, and a multiple correlation analysis model (Pearson) was used to evaluate the relationships among the investigated parameters. WBCs, leukocyte subpopulations, CD4+, CD8+, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα exhibited daily rhythmicity. In particular, white WBCs, lymphocytes, IL-1β, and IL-6 reached their acrophases during the dark phase, while neuthrophils, CD4+, CD8+, and TNFα showed a diurnal acrophase. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical difference in the acrophase among the investigated parameters ( < 0.0001). The Pearson correlation matrix showed positive and negative relationships among the parameters. Circadian rhythms should be taken into consideration with the daily fluctuations in immune and inflammatory biomarkers to develop good management practices and improve welfare in horses.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-20 PubMed ID: 40284888PubMed Central: PMC12031226DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12040386Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the daily rhythms of the immune and inflammatory systems in horses, particularly focusing on various types of white blood cells and inflammatory markers. The findings suggest that these systems have a daily rhythm and should be factored into horse care and management strategies.

Objective & Methodology

  • The objective of the study was to understand the daily rhythmic influence on the immune and inflammatory systems in horses. The study paid particular attention to white blood cell count and subgroups, as well as inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
  • The sample group was comprised of ten Italian Saddle horses aged between seven and twelve, with an average body weight of around 480kg.
  • Each horse went through a blood sampling process every four hours over a full 24-hour cycle. The data collected was examined using the COSINOR method to identify rhythms and parameters, alongside other statistical analyses such as one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation.

Findings & Implications

  • The study identified daily rhythm patterns in the levels of white blood cells, different leukocyte subpopulations, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα).
  • Specifically, the peak level (or acrophase) of the white blood cells, lymphocytes, IL-1β, and IL-6 occurred during the dark phase of the day, while neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and TNFα showed a diurnal acrophase.
  • The one-way ANOVA analysis signalled a statistical difference in the timing of the acrophase among the different parameters, meaning the peak levels of these factors occurred at different times throughout the 24-hour cycle.
  • The Pearson correlation analysis revealed both positive and negative correlations among the parameters, indicating interdependent relationships between some of these factors.
  • Given these observed daily rhythms, the researchers conclude that accounting for these circadian fluctuations in immune and inflammatory markers could be beneficial in improving horse care and welfare practices.

Cite This Article

APA
(2025). Circadian Oscillation of Leukocyte Subpopulations and Inflammatory Cytokines over a 24-H Period in Horses. Vet Sci, 12(4), 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040386

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
PII: 386

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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