Circulation of eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, Ilhéus, Maguari and Tacaiuma viruses in equines of the Brazilian Pantanal, South America.
Abstract: Neutralizing antibodies to EEE (6.7%), WEE (1.2%), ILH (26.6%), MAG (28.2%) and TCM (15.7%) viruses were found in sera of 432 equines of the Brazilian Pantanal, area where undiagnosed horse deaths are frequently observed. A 4-fold rise in CF titer to EEE virus was detected in acute and convalescent sera of an encephalitis horse sacrificed in 1992. Antibodies to EEE, ILH, MAG and TCM viruses were detected in horses less than 2 years old indicating recent circulation of these viruses in the Pantanal. The evidence of recent equine encephalitis associated with rising CF titer to EEE warrants a more intensive study with attempts to isolate virus from horses with clinical manifestations of encephalitis.
Publication Date: 1993-07-01 PubMed ID: 8115796DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651993000400009Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Antibodies
- Arboviruses
- Diagnosis
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Surveillance
- Encephalitis
- Encephalomyelitis
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Mosquito-borne Diseases
- Public Health
- Serological Surveys
- Seroprevalence
- Vector-borne disease
- Veterinary Medicine
- Virus
- Western Equine Encephalitis
Summary
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The research explores the presence of various viruses in horses from the Brazilian Pantanal, where unexplained horse deaths frequently occur. The study found neutralizing antibodies to several viruses including EEE and ILH, with the highest rate for the MAG virus.
Research Setting and Analyzed Samples
- The study was conducted in the Brazilian Pantanal. This is a critical research area due to the frequent occurrence of unexplained horse deaths.
- Researchers analyzed the sera (a component of blood) of 432 horses in this region.
Identification of Viruses
- The researchers looked for five specific viruses, each identified by a different acronym: EEE, WEE, ILH, MAG, and TCM.
- These viruses were specifically sought due to their potential to cause encephalitis, a dangerous inflammation of the brain, in horses.
Antibody Presence and Rates
- The serological analysis allows the researchers to detect antibodies against specific viruses in horse blood.
- The rates of horses with these antibodies were: 6.7% for EEE, 1.2% for WEE, 26.6% for ILH, 28.2% for MAG, and 15.7% for TCM.
- The most common were the MAG and ILH antibodies, found in over a quarter of the analyzed horses.
Further Findings and Implications
- An encephalitis horse from 1992 showed a 4-fold increase in CF titre to EEE. The CF titre is a measurement of the concentration of antibodies in blood serum against a specific antigen, in this case, the EEE virus.
- Younger horses, less than 2 years old, had antibodies for EEE, ILH, MAG and TCM, which suggests recent circulation of these viruses in the region.
- Given this evidence of equine encephalitis and the recent antibody increase linked to EEE, the researchers urge for more intensive study as well as attempts to isolate these viruses from horses showing encephalitis symptoms.
Cite This Article
APA
Iversson LB, Silva RA, da Rosa AP, Barros VL.
(1993).
Circulation of eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, Ilhéus, Maguari and Tacaiuma viruses in equines of the Brazilian Pantanal, South America.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 35(4), 355-359.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651993000400009 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / microbiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses / microbiology
Citations
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