Clinical and imaging findings, treatment details and outcomes in foals with extensor tendon rupture-A multicentre retrospective study.
Abstract: Forelimb extensor tendon rupture (ETR) in foals is sparsely documented. Objective: To describe clinical and imaging findings, treatment details, and long-term outcome in foals with ETR. Methods: Multicentre retrospective case-series. Methods: Clinical record review of foals with ETR, presented to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Ghent University (Belgium), the Clinic for Horses at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Germany), and Rossdales Equine Hospital (UK) between 2009-2021. Long-term outcome based on structured telephone interview with the owner at the university hospitals and on future ratings from a public racing results archive at Rossdales Equine Hospital. Results: Eight foals (28%; 95%CI: 11.7%-44.3%) presented with ETR only, whereas 21 foals (72%; 95%CI: 55.7%-88.3%) presented with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity foals with ETR only were older (median 20 days; Interquartile range [IQR] 13-22) than foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median five days; IQR 3-11; p = 0.001). Treatment included medical support, immobilization, and box rest. Hospitalisation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 26 days; IQR 16-44) than for ETR-only foals (median 11 days; IQR 6-16; p = 0.03). Total rehabilitation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 58 days; IQR 42-91) than for foals without flexural limb deformity (median 32 days; IQR 12-39; p = 0.03). Six foals (21%; 95%CI: 6.3%-35.7%) were euthanased within seven months: three because of problems with limb protraction and progressive flexural limb deformity. Long-term follow-up (>18 months) was available for two cases with ETR only, and seven cases with ETR and flexural limb deformity. Both ETR-only foals had a positive cosmetic outcome but only one a positive functional outcome. Foals with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity suffered limitations regarding cosmetic appearance (5/7 negative) and limb function (7/7 negative). Conclusions: Small sample size, retrospective study, and no clinical follow-up. Conclusions: ETR is a rare condition in this sample of foals treated under hospital conditions often requiring prolonged care, especially with concurrent flexural limb deformity. Further research should investigate potential associations with future athletic performance. Unassigned: Strecksehnenrupturen (ETR) an der Vorderextremität von Fohlen sind in der Literatur nur selten dokumentiert. Unassigned: Beschreibung von klinischen und radiologischen Befunden, Behandlungen und Langzeitresultate von Fohlen mit ETR. Methods: Multizentrische retrospektive Fallserie. Methods: Überprüfung der klinischen Aufzeichnungen von Fohlen mit ETR, die zwischen 2009 und 2021 in den Universitätskliniken von Gent und Hannover sowie im Rossdales Equine Hospital vorgestellt wurden. Langzeitresultate wurden basierend auf strukturierten Telefoninterviews mit den Besitzern in den Universitätskliniken und auf dem Racing Post Rating im Rossdales Equine Hospital erhoben. Results: Acht Fohlen (28%; 95 %CI: 11.7%-44.3%) wiesen eine alleinige ETR auf, während 21 Fohlen (72%; 95 %CI: 55.7%-88.3%) eine ETR und eine gleichzeitige Beugefehlstellung der Gliedmaßen (FD) aufwiesen. Fohlen mit alleiniger ETR waren älter (Median 20 Tage; Interquartilsbereich [IQR] 13-22) als Fohlen mit einer Kombination von ETR und FD (Median 5 Tage; IQR 3-11; p = 0.001). Die Behandlung umfasste medizinische Unterstützung, Immobilisation mithilfe von Verbänden und Boxenruhe. Der Krankenhausaufenthalt dauerte bei Fohlen mit gleichzeitig auftretender ETR und FD länger (Median 26 Tage; IQR 16-44) als bei Fohlen, die nur an der ETR litten (Median 11 Tage; IQR 6-16; p = 0.03). Die Gesamtrehabilitationszeit war bei Fohlen mit ETR und FD länger (Median 58 Tage; IQR 42-91) als bei Fohlen ohne FD (Median 32 Tage; IQR 12-39; p = 0.03). Sechs Fohlen (21%; 95%CI: 6.3%-35.7%) wurden innerhalb von sieben Monaten eingeschläfert: drei aufgrund von Problemen mit der Gliedmaßenprotraktion und fortschreitender FD. Langzeitresultate (>18 Monate) waren für zwei Fälle mit alleiniger ETR und 7 Fälle mit ETR und gleichzeitig auftretender FD verfügbar. Beide Fohlen mit ETR hatten ein positives kosmetisches Ergebnis, aber nur eines ein positives funktionelles Ergebnis. Fohlen mit ETR und gleichzeitig auftretender FD litten unter Einschränkungen in Bezug auf die Kosmetik (5/7 negativ) und die Funktion der Gliedmaßen (7/7 negativ). WICHTIGSTE EINSCHRÄNKUNGEN: Kleine Stichprobengröße, retrospektive Studie, keine klinische Folgeuntersuchung. Unassigned: Strecksehnenrupturen kommen bei hospitalisierten Fohlen nur selten vor und benötigen eine intensive, längere Pflege-insbesondere bei gleichzeitig auftretender FD. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um mögliche Zusammenhänge mit der zukünftigen sportlichen Leistung der Pferde zu untersuchen.
© 2022 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2022-10-28 PubMed ID: 36223233DOI: 10.1111/evj.13893Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Multicenter Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigates the symptoms, treatments, and long-term outcomes of forelimb extensor tendon rupture (ETR) in foals, with a specific focus on those also presenting with flexural limb deformity.
Methods
- The study is a retrospective case-series review that evaluated the clinical records of foals presented with ETR at three veterinary hospitals located in Belgium, Germany, and the UK between 2009-2021.
- The long-term outcomes of the foals were identified by conducting structured telephone interviews with the owners at the university hospitals and by checking public racing results at Rossdales Equine Hospital.
Results
- The study found that 28% of the foals had only ETR, whereas 72% had both ETR and flexural limb deformity.
- Foals with both conditions were younger (median age: 5 days) than the foals with only ETR (median age: 20 days).
- Treatment techniques included medical support, immobilization, and rest. The hospitalization time was longer for foals with both conditions (median: 26 days) than for ETR-only foals (median: 11 days).
- Total rehabilitation time was longer for foals with both ETR and flexural limb deformity (median: 58 days) than for foals without the deformity (median: 32 days).
- About 21% of the foals were euthanized within seven months due to problems with limb protraction and progressive flexural limb deformity.
- Long-term follow-up was available for two cases with ETR only, and seven cases with both ETR and flexural limb deformity. Both ETR-only foals had a positive cosmetic outcome but only one a positive functional outcome. Most foals with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity experienced negative cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Conclusions
- The study’s limitations include a small sample size, its retrospective nature, and the absence of a clinical follow-up.
- The researchers concluded that extensor tendon rupture is a rare condition requiring prolonged care, particularly when it occurs alongside flexural limb deformity. The researchers suggest further research to investigate potential associations with future athletic performance.
Cite This Article
APA
Mokry A, Bernhard C, Faulkner J, Colgate VA, Dumoulin M, Pille F, Vanderperren K, Delling U, Oosterlinck M.
(2022).
Clinical and imaging findings, treatment details and outcomes in foals with extensor tendon rupture-A multicentre retrospective study.
Equine Vet J, 55(5), 777-787.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13893 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, UK.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Retrospective Studies
- Extremities
- Tendon Injuries / therapy
- Tendon Injuries / veterinary
- Tendons
- Forelimb
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Animals, Newborn
Grant Funding
- Margaret Giffen Charitable Trust
References
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