Clinical effect of buprenorphine or butorphanol, in combination with detomidine and diazepam, on sedation and postoperative pain after cheek tooth extraction in horses.
Summary
This research aimed to compare the effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine, in conjunction with detomidine and diazepam, on the sedation quality, surgery conditions, and postoperative pain control in horses undergoing cheek tooth extraction. The study found buprenorphine combined with detomidine provided more reliable sedation than butorphanol, although the buprenorphine group showed higher postoperative activity which made pain assessment challenging.
Research Methodology
- The researchers randomly assigned 40 horses to two groups: 20 horses received butorphanol (BUT) and 20 received buprenorphine (BUP). Each treatment was combined with detomidine and diazepam for sedation during cheek tooth extraction.
- All horses were initially administered a bolus of detomidine (15 μg/kg, IV), followed by either BUP (7.5 μg/kg, IV) or BUT (0.05 mg/kg, IV). After 20 minutes, diazepam (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was given and sedation was maintained with a detomidine IV infusion (20 μg/kg/h), adjusting the rate based on score responses to five variables.
- Each horse received a nerve block (maxillary or mandibular) and gingival infiltration with mepivacaine to numb the mouth for the surgery.
- The surgeons evaluated the sedation quality on a scale from 1 (excellent) to 10 (surgery not feasible).
- Postoperative pain was assessed using the EQUUS-FAP pain scoring system. Additionally, serum cortisol levels and locomotor activity (measured via pedometers) were tracked.
Research Findings
- Both the BUT and BUP groups required a similar median detomidine infusion rate, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
- The buprenorphine group showed superior quality of sedation during surgery compared to the butorphanol group.
- Interestingly, horses in the buprenorphine group recorded higher step counts post-surgery, indicating greater locomotor activity.
Conclusions and Implications
- Overall, the combination of buprenorphine and detomidine provided more reliable sedation than the combination of butorphanol and detomidine.
- The increased postoperative activity in the buprenorphine group, however, made pain evaluation using the EQUUS-FAP pain scale unreliable due to buprenorphine-induced excitement behavior.
The research underscores the importance of carefully selecting sedation and pain management medications in equine dental surgery. Future research should continue investigating pain assessment methodologies for cases where excitement behavior may interfere with traditional evaluation tools.