Clinical efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine and procaine penicillin G in a Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in ponies.
Abstract: Tissue chambers, implanted subcutaneously on both sides of the neck in eight ponies, were inoculated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in order to compare the clinical efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) and penicillin G treatment in a purulent infection. The TMP/SDZ treatment consisted of one intravenous (i.v.) injection of 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ and the same dose of TMP/SDZ per os (p.o.), both given 20 h after inoculation. The oral dose was then repeated every 12 h for 21 days. The penicillin treatment consisted of one i.v. injection of 20 000 IU/kg sodium penicillin G and intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 20 000 IU/kg procaine penicillin G, both given 20 h after infection. The i.m. dose was then repeated every 24 h for 21 days. Eight ponies, each with two tissue chambers, were used in a cross over design; in the first experiment the left tissue chamber (TC) was infected and in the second experiment the right. TMP/SDZ treatment resulted in a limited reduction of viable bacteria in the TC but did not eliminate the infection, resulting in abscessation in 10-42 days in all eight ponies. However, penicillin treatment eliminated the streptococci in seven of eight ponies, and only one pony suffered abscessation on day 10. This constitutes a significantly better efficacy of the penicillin treatment in this model. The most probable cause of the failure of TMP/SDZ to eliminate the streptococci is inhibition of the action of TMP/SDZ in the purulent TCF. Therefore, TMP/SDZ should not be used to treat purulent infections in secluded sites in horses.
Publication Date: 2003-07-31 PubMed ID: 12887605DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00483.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article investigates the effectiveness of the antibiotics trimethoprim/sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) and penicillin G in treating Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections in ponies. The findings suggest that penicillin is significantly more effective in treating these infections compared to TMP/SDZ.
Research Design
- The study used a model of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection involving tissue chambers implanted under skin on both sides of the neck in eight ponies.
- These chambers allowed for a localized infection to be introduced and the effects of different treatments to be monitored.
- In order to compare the efficacy of TMP/SDZ and penicillin G treatment, each pony was subjected to both antibiotics at different times using a crossover design.
Treatment Protocol
- The TMP/SDZ treatment involved an intravenous injection followed by oral doses, beginning 20 hours post-infection and continuing every 12 hours for three weeks.
- The Penicillin treatment consisted of an initial intravenous injection of sodium penicillin G, followed by intramuscular injections every 24 hours for three weeks.
Results
- The TMP/SDZ treatment showed some reduction of bacteria, but it was insufficient to eliminate the infection. All ponies developed abscesses within 10-42 days.
- In contrast, the penicillin treatment successfully eradicated the bacterial infection in seven out of eight ponies, and only one pony developed an abscess.
Conclusions
- Based on these results, penicillin G is significantly more effective than TMP/SDZ for treating Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus infections in ponies.
- The researchers suggested that the poor performance of TMP/SDZ may be due to factors in the pus that inhibit the drug’s effectiveness.
- The study concludes that TMP/SDZ should not be used for treating infections in secluded sites in horses. More effective alternatives like penicillin should be used instead.
Cite This Article
APA
Ensink JM, Smit JA, van Duijkeren E.
(2003).
Clinical efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine and procaine penicillin G in a Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in ponies.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 26(4), 247-252.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00483.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.m.ensink@vet.uu.nl
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Folic Acid Antagonists / administration & dosage
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Penicillin G Procaine / administration & dosage
- Penicillins / administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
- Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
- Streptococcus equi / drug effects
- Streptococcus equi / pathogenicity
- Sulfamethizole / administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
- Trimethoprim / administration & dosage
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Yuen KY, Gibson JS, Hinrichsen S, Medina-Torres CE, Bertin FR, Stewart AJ. Cumulative antibiogram and multidrug-resistant organisms in a regional equine referral hospital.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jan;33(1):149-155.
- Boyle AG, Timoney JF, Newton JR, Hines MT, Waller AS, Buchanan BR. Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles-Revised Consensus Statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Mar;32(2):633-647.
- Malo A, Cluzel C, Labrecque O, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP, Leclere M. Evolution of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in an equine hospital over 3 decades.. Can Vet J 2016 Jul;57(7):747-51.
- Berlin D, Kelmer G, Steinman A, Sutton GA. Successful medical management of intra-abdominal abscesses in 4 adult horses.. Can Vet J 2013 Feb;54(2):157-61.
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