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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 32(2); 633-647; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15043

Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles-Revised Consensus Statement.

Abstract: This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the "gold standard" for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-09 PubMed ID: 29424487PubMed Central: PMC5867011DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15043Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article provides a comprehensive update on our understanding and management of Streptococcus equi infections in horses, commonly known as strangles. It revisits detection methods, treatment options, vaccination strategies, and disease control and prevention policies, highlighting the roles of underlying immunity and carrier states in disease transmission.

Understanding Strangles: Clinical Signs, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology

The research begins by discussing:

  • The clinical presentation of strangles: it mentions the varying forms that the disease can take, especially considering factors like underlying immunity and the presence of carrier animals.
  • Pathogenesis: it details how the Streptococcus equi bacterium causes the disease, i.e., by colonizing the lymph nodes of the horse’s upper respiratory tract and inciting an immune response.
  • Epidemiology: it accounts for how the disease spread amongst horse populations, emphasizing the role of carrier horses that show no symptoms but can still spread the bacteria.

Detecting Strangles: From Gold Standard to Advanced Techniques

The paper then explores different methods used to detect the infection:

  • It mentions a new “gold standard” for diagnosing strangles, although does not specify what this new standard is.
  • It also discusses newer diagnostic techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and serology, which studies the serum component of blood to detect diseases.

Treating Strangles: Antibiotics and their Judicious Use

Next, it approaches the treatment of the disease:

  • It highlights the importance of careful use of antibiotics in treating horses with strangles, as misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance or other complications.

Preventing Strangles: Vaccination and Disease Control Programs

Afterwards, it shifts focus to the prevention of the disease:

  • The consensus statement delves into current vaccination technology and stresses the importance of integrating vaccines into wider disease control and prevention programs.
  • The goal is to eradicate the disease while maintaining herd immunity, meaning the majority of a population is immune to a particular disease, effectively limiting its spread.
  • Differentiating immune responses: It emphasizes that the immune responses in animals exposed to the disease for the first time can differ from those in animals with repeated or subclinical (asymptomatic) infections and those induced by vaccination.

Cite This Article

APA
Boyle AG, Timoney JF, Newton JR, Hines MT, Waller AS, Buchanan BR. (2018). Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles-Revised Consensus Statement. J Vet Intern Med, 32(2), 633-647. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15043

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 633-647

Researcher Affiliations

Boyle, A G
  • University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA.
Timoney, J F
  • University of Kentucky, Gluck Research Center, Lexington, KY.
Newton, J R
  • Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
Hines, M T
  • University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Waller, A S
  • Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
Buchanan, B R
  • Brazos Valley Equine Hospital, Navasota, TX.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Consensus
  • Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Lymphadenitis / diagnosis
  • Lymphadenitis / immunology
  • Lymphadenitis / prevention & control
  • Lymphadenitis / therapy
  • Streptococcal Infections / diagnosis
  • Streptococcal Infections / immunology
  • Streptococcal Infections / prevention & control
  • Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
  • Streptococcus equi / immunology
  • Vaccination / veterinary

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