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The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice2019; 35(3); 433-455; doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.002

Clinical Pathology of Donkeys and Mules.

Abstract: Given the stoic nature of donkeys and their hybrids, it is important to consider the significance of diagnostic testing modalities that can provide objective health status information beyond the basic physical examination findings. However, clinical pathology assays are also fraught with significant limitations because the results for donkeys, mules, and hinnies can be difficult to interpret, and transference of data from the horse is not always applicable. This article presents considerations for sample collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation strategies for clinical pathology testing of donkeys and their hybrids based on the limited information available in the literature.
Publication Date: 2019-11-02 PubMed ID: 31672198DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.002Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article considers diagnostic testing techniques for assessing the health of donkeys and their hybrids, highlighting the challenges in interpreting clinical pathology assay results and the need for specific strategies for these species as information from horses isn’t universally applicable.

Significance of Diagnostic Testing in Donkeys and Hybrids

  • The article begins by emphasizing the significance of diagnostic testing methods for understanding the health status of donkeys and their hybrids. Being stoic by nature, these creatures may not exhibit evident signs of pain or sickness, emphasizing the particular importance of objective health assessment methods beyond basic physical examination.

Limitations in Clinical Pathology Assays

  • The research paper also draws attention to limitations inherent in clinical pathology assays. These tests, while crucial, often yield results that can be difficult to interpret for non-horse equine species such as donkeys, mules, or hinnies.
  • The difficulty arises because the data obtained from horses (the most studied equine species) does not translate seamlessly into interpretations for these other species. This gap in applicable knowledge can often hinder clear diagnostic outcomes.

Addressing the Limitations

  • The article suggests that developing clear strategies for sample collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation specifically for donkeys and their hybrids could alleviate some of the challenges faced in clinical diagnoses.
  • The researchers present considerations for these strategies based on the limited information currently available in scientific literature. Therefore, the article also implicitly calls for more research in this area to provide practitioners with more comprehensive and precise diagnostic tools for the health management of donkeys and their hybrids.

Cite This Article

APA
Goodrich EL, Behling-Kelly E. (2019). Clinical Pathology of Donkeys and Mules. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 35(3), 433-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.002

Publication

ISSN: 1558-4224
NlmUniqueID: 8511904
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 3
Pages: 433-455

Researcher Affiliations

Goodrich, Erin L
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, A1-212 AHDC, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: elg25@cornell.edu.
Behling-Kelly, Erica
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, S1-062 Schurman Hall, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Equidae
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Pathology, Clinical

Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Li T, Qu H, Wang L, Ma Q, Wang C, Khan MZ, Chai W. Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Molecular Insights into Skin Development in Dezhou Donkey Foals. Vet Sci 2026 Jan 21;13(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci13010107pubmed: 41600763google scholar: lookup
  2. Davias C, Mendoza FJ, De Las Heras A, Gonzalez-De-Cara C, Buzon-Cuevas A, Perez-Ecija A. Hematologic Ratios in Donkeys: Reference Intervals and Response to Experimentally Induced Endotoxemia. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 4;15(15).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15152272pubmed: 40805061google scholar: lookup
  3. Mendoza FJ, Pérez-Écija A, Kappmeyer LS, Suarez CE, Bastos RG. New insights in the diagnosis and treatment of equine piroplasmosis: pitfalls, idiosyncrasies, and myths. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1459989.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1459989pubmed: 39205808google scholar: lookup
  4. Phannithi T, Laikul A, Pathomsakulwong W, Rungsri P, Apichaimongkonkun T, Watchrarat K, Cherdchutham W. External Hoof Measurements of Untrimmed and Unshod Mules in Northern Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2024 Apr 16;14(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14081197pubmed: 38672345google scholar: lookup
  5. Nocera I, Sorvillo B, Sgorbini M, Aliboni B, Citi S. Radiographic Appearance of the Fore Digit and Carpal Joint in the Mule Foal from Birth to 3 Months of Age. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 26;13(15).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13152417pubmed: 37570226google scholar: lookup
  6. Goodrich EL, Behling-Kelly E. Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 13;12(20).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12202746pubmed: 36290132google scholar: lookup
  7. Gao R, Shi L, Guo W, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. Effects of Housing and Management Systems on the Growth, Immunity, Antioxidation, and Related Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Donkeys in Cold Weather. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 14;12(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12182405pubmed: 36139265google scholar: lookup
  8. Jerele S, Davis E, Mapes S, Pusterla N, Navas González FJ, Iglesias Pastrana C, Abdelfattah EM, McLean A. Survey of Serum Amyloid A and Bacterial and Viral Frequency Using qPCR Levels in Recently Captured Feral Donkeys from Death Valley National Park (California). Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10061086pubmed: 32585994google scholar: lookup