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Toxins2022; 14(9); doi: 10.3390/toxins14090608

Co-Occurrence of Hypoglycin A and Hypoglycin B in Sycamore and Box Elder Maple Proved by LC-MS/MS and LC-HR-MS.

Abstract: Hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclpropylglycine (MCPrG) are formed by some maple trees (Acer species) and have been associated with incidences of atypical myopathy among horses in pastures. In this work, a simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method without derivatization was developed for the quantification of HGA and MCPrG in maple samples and validated according to EU guidelines. The LOQ presented here for HGA (16.4 µg/kg) is considerably lower than the lowest published LOQ (500 µg/kg). This method confirms that sycamore and box elder maple contain considerable amounts of HGA and MCPrG. In addition, the presence of the dipeptides hypoglycin B and γ-glutamyl-MCPrG in these two maple species is shown using high-resolution MS. This is the first report on the presence of these dipeptides in maple since 1973. The presence of HGB and γ-glutamyl-MCPrG could change the way we understand animal intoxication following the ingestion of maple.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-01 PubMed ID: 36136546PubMed Central: PMC9504185DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090608Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research work focuses on the presence of harmful components hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclpropylglycine (MCPrG) in some maple tree species which has been linked to atypical myopathy in horses. Using a new method, the study verified the presence of these components in sycamore and box elder maples that could be influential in understanding why animals get intoxicated after consuming maple.

Development of a New UPLC-MS/MS Method

  • The researchers developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, which is a technique used to measure the mass and concentration of molecules. This allows for the quantification of HGA and MCPrG in maple samples.
  • This new method is simple and sensitive and was validated according to EU guidelines. Importantly, it did not require the process of derivatization which often adds complexity and uncertainty to these sorts of analyses.

Improved Detection of Harmful Components

  • With this new method, the researchers were able to detect HGA at a much lower concentration (16.4 µg/kg) than what was previously possible with the lowest published limit of quantification (LOQ) (500 µg/kg). This allows for better and more precise measurement of these harmful compounds.
  • They confirmed that the sycamore and box elder maple trees contain substantial amounts of HGA and MCPrG, which are likely responsible for incidences of atypical myopathy among horses that consume these trees.

Discovery of Dipeptides in Maple

  • In addition to identifying HGA and MCPrG, the investigation also found the presence of the dipeptides hypoglycin B and γ-glutamyl-MCPrG in these maple species using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
  • This is the first documented instance of the identification of these dipeptides in maple trees since 1973, signaling a significant development in the understanding of the components of maple trees.
  • The existence of these dipeptides could potentially change our understanding of how animals get intoxicated by ingesting maple.

Cite This Article

APA
El-Khatib AH, Engel AM, Weigel S. (2022). Co-Occurrence of Hypoglycin A and Hypoglycin B in Sycamore and Box Elder Maple Proved by LC-MS/MS and LC-HR-MS. Toxins (Basel), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090608

Publication

Toxins
ISSN: 2072-6651
NlmUniqueID: 101530765
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 9

Researcher Affiliations

El-Khatib, Ahmed H
  • German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Engel, Anna Maria
  • German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Weigel, Stefan
  • German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Acer / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Dipeptides
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Hypoglycins / analysis
  • Hypoglycins / toxicity
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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