FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Microbiol Spectr / Co-Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae P...
Microbiology spectrum2022; 10(3); e0215821; doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02158-21

Co-Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Pathogenic Clones of Human Relevance in an Equine Pneumonia Case.

Abstract: The global epidemiology of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, a serious threat to both animal and human health, is dominated by the spread of pathogenic clones, each separately evolving via acquisition of transferable antibiotic resistance or niche-specific virulence determinants. In horses, K. pneumoniae infection can lead to severe respiratory illness. Here, we characterized multiple isolates recovered from bronchial aspirates of a mare with pneumonia refractory to antibiotics. First, we used a combination of standard microbiology, bacteriophage cross-susceptibility and antibiotic resistance testing to profile the infecting K. pneumoniae population. The genomes of isolates with distinct fingerprints (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and unique combined bacteriophage/antibiotic profiles were then further analyzed using whole-genome sequencing. Adhesion to human epithelial cells and biofilm production were also measured as virulence indicators. Although it is commonly expected for one clone to dominate an infection episode, we identified five coexisting multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae sharing the same niche. One was a novel sequence type (ST4656), while the other four were all members of emerging human pathogenic clonal groups (ST307, ST628, ST893 and ST392). These isolates did not display significant differences from one another in terms of virulence or resistance and differed only in plasmid content from isolates implicated in severe human infections, with equal potential to prolong duration and severity of infection when sharing the same niche. This study highlights the importance of more precise surveillance and detection measures to uncover bacterial heterogeneity, reminding us that the "single clone" concept is not an absolute in invasive bacterial infections. Multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are agents of life-threatening infections in animals and humans, with several multidrug resistant clones causing outbreaks of disease worldwide. It is generally accepted that only one clone will be dominant in an infection episode. In this study, we investigated K. pneumoniae isolates from a horse with severe pneumonia and demonstrated co-occurrence of multiple sequence types previously identified as emerging human pathogens. The equine isolates are not significantly different from one another in terms of virulence or resistance, with equal potential to prolong duration and severity of infection, and are indistinguishable from isolates recovered from humans, except for plasmid content. Our study highlights how the "one dominant clone" concept is not an absolute in severe infection, illustrating the need for improved diagnostics to track heterogeneity of infection, and reinforces the importance of cross-monitoring of environmental and human reservoirs of multidrug resistant pathogens.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-05-17 PubMed ID: 35579468PubMed Central: PMC9241755DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02158-21Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explored multiple strains of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria found in a horse with severe pneumonia, contradicting the expectation that only one dominant strain would exist. The implications of this finding reach human health too, as the equine strains resembled those found in severe human infections.

Research Background and Rationale

  • The researchers were investigating Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterium that is widely considered to be a significant threat to both human and animal health due to its resistance to multiple drugs. This multidrug resistance is propagated through the spread of pathogenic clones that acquire antibiotic resistance or niche-specific virulence determinants.
  • They used the example of a horse suffering from severe pneumonia to explore the nature of K. pneumoniae infection. The illness in the horse had not responded to antibiotic treatment, hinting at the potential presence of multidrug resistant strains of the bacterium.
  • Unusually, instead of one dominant strain, the researchers found five distinct clones of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae cohabiting and seemingly cooperating in worsening the infection.

Research Methodology

  • The team started by profiling the infecting K. pneumoniae population using standard microbiology techniques, bacteriophage cross-susceptibility, and antibiotic resistance testing.
  • Isolates with unique electrophoresis fingerprints and bacteriophage and antibiotic profiles then underwent whole-genome sequencing for a more in-depth analysis.
  • The team also conducted tests to gauge the capability of these bacteria to adhere to human epithelial cells and produce biofilms. These characteristics are looked at as markers of the bacteria’s virulence.

Results

  • The researchers isolated five distinct clones of multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae — a phenomenon contradicting the previously-held belief that a single clone would dominate an infection episode.
  • While one was a novel sequence type (ST4656), the other four (ST307, ST628, ST893, and ST392) were recognized as emerging pathogenic clones involved in human infections.
  • In terms of virulence and resistance, there were no significant differences among these strains. The only distinguishing factor was their plasmid content, compared to human infection-associated clones.

Research Conclusion and Recommendations

  • The results of this study demonstrate that the concept of a single dominant clone in a bacterial infection is not always accurate. Multiple harmful clones can coexist and collaborate to exacerbate an infection.
  • The occurrence of multiple sequence types of K. pneumoniae in one host underlines the need for more precise detection measures and surveillance to understand bacterial heterogeneity better.
  • The study also emphasizes the need for more robust diagnostic tools and calls for continuous cross-monitoring of multidrug-resistant pathogenic clones across different environmental and human reservoirs to prevent potential disease outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Venturini C, Bowring B, Partridge SR, Ben Zakour NL, Fajardo-Lubian A, Lopez Ayala A, Qin J, Totsika M, van Galen G, Norris J, Iredell J. (2022). Co-Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Pathogenic Clones of Human Relevance in an Equine Pneumonia Case. Microbiol Spectr, 10(3), e0215821. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02158-21

Publication

Microbiology spectrum
ISSN: 2165-0497
NlmUniqueID: 101634614
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: e0215821
PII: e02158-21

Researcher Affiliations

Venturini, Carola
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bowring, Bethany
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Partridge, Sally R
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Ben Zakour, Nouri L
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Fajardo-Lubian, Alicia
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Lopez Ayala, Ariana
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Qin, Jilong
  • Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technologygrid.1024.7, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Totsika, Makrina
  • Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technologygrid.1024.7, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
van Galen, Gaby
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Norris, Jacqueline
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Iredell, Jonathan
  • Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Clone Cells
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella Infections / epidemiology
  • Klebsiella Infections / microbiology
  • Klebsiella Infections / veterinary
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / genetics
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Plasmids / genetics
  • Pneumonia
  • beta-Lactamases / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 67 references
  1. Podschun R, Ullmann U. Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors.. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998 Oct;11(4):589-603.
    doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.4.589pmc: PMC88898pubmed: 9767057google scholar: lookup
  2. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance global report on surveillance: 2014 summary. .
  3. CDC. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. .
    doi: 10.15620/cdc:82532google scholar: lookup
  4. Gundogan N. Klebsiella—an overview. Encyclopedia of food microbiology 2014; p 383–388.
  5. Hiroi M, Yamazaki F, Harada T, Takahashi N, Iida N, Noda Y, Yagi M, Nishio T, Kanda T, Kawamori F, Sugiyama K, Masuda T, Hara-Kudo Y, Ohashi N. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in food-producing animals.. J Vet Med Sci 2012 Feb;74(2):189-95.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.11-0372pubmed: 21979457google scholar: lookup
  6. Estell KE, Young A, Kozikowski T, Swain EA, Byrne BA, Reilly CM, Kass PH, Aleman M. Pneumonia Caused by Klebsiella spp. in 46 Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):314-21.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13653pmc: PMC4913652pubmed: 26492860google scholar: lookup
  7. Trigo da Roza F, Couto N, Carneiro C, Cunha E, Rosa T, Magalhães M, Tavares L, Novais Â, Peixe L, Rossen JW, Lamas LP, Oliveira M. Commonality of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST348 Isolates in Horses and Humans in Portugal.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:1657.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01657pmc: PMC6657530pubmed: 31379799google scholar: lookup
  8. Holt KE, Wertheim H, Zadoks RN, Baker S, Whitehouse CA, Dance D, Jenney A, Connor TR, Hsu LY, Severin J, Brisse S, Cao H, Wilksch J, Gorrie C, Schultz MB, Edwards DJ, Nguyen KV, Nguyen TV, Dao TT, Mensink M, Minh VL, Nhu NT, Schultsz C, Kuntaman K, Newton PN, Moore CE, Strugnell RA, Thomson NR. Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Jul 7;112(27):E3574-81.
    pmc: PMC4500264pubmed: 26100894doi: 10.1073/pnas.1501049112google scholar: lookup
  9. Wyres KL, Wick RR, Judd LM, Froumine R, Tokolyi A, Gorrie CL, Lam MMC, Duchêne S, Jenney A, Holt KE. Distinct evolutionary dynamics of horizontal gene transfer in drug resistant and virulent clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae.. PLoS Genet 2019 Apr;15(4):e1008114.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008114pmc: PMC6483277pubmed: 30986243google scholar: lookup
  10. Partridge SR, Kwong SM, Firth N, Jensen SO. Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018 Oct;31(4).
    doi: 10.1128/CMR.00088-17pmc: PMC6148190pubmed: 30068738google scholar: lookup
  11. Villa L, Feudi C, Fortini D, Brisse S, Passet V, Bonura C, Endimiani A, Mammina C, Ocampo AM, Jimenez JN, Doumith M, Woodford N, Hopkins K, Carattoli A. Diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 clone.. Microb Genom 2017 Apr;3(4):e000110.
    pmc: PMC5506382pubmed: 28785421doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000110google scholar: lookup
  12. Mathers AJ, Stoesser N, Sheppard AE, Pankhurst L, Giess A, Yeh AJ, Didelot X, Turner SD, Sebra R, Kasarskis A, Peto T, Crook D, Sifri CD. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae at a single institution: insights into endemicity from whole-genome sequencing.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Mar;59(3):1656-63.
    doi: 10.1128/AAC.04292-14pmc: PMC4325807pubmed: 25561339google scholar: lookup
  13. García-Fernández A, Villa L, Carta C, Venditti C, Giordano A, Venditti M, Mancini C, Carattoli A. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 producing KPC-3 identified in italy carries novel plasmids and OmpK36/OmpK35 porin variants.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012 Apr;56(4):2143-5.
    doi: 10.1128/AAC.05308-11pmc: PMC3318348pubmed: 22252815google scholar: lookup
  14. David S, Cohen V, Reuter S, Sheppard AE, Giani T, Parkhill J, Rossolini GM, Feil EJ, Grundmann H, Aanensen DM. Integrated chromosomal and plasmid sequence analyses reveal diverse modes of carbapenemase gene spread among Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Oct 6;117(40):25043-25054.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.2003407117pmc: PMC7587227pubmed: 32968015google scholar: lookup
  15. Perdigão J, Modesto A, Pereira AL, Neto O, Matos V, Godinho A, Phelan J, Charleston J, Spadar A, de Sessions PF, Hibberd M, Campino S, Costa A, Fernandes F, Ferreira F, Correia AB, Gonçalves L, Clark TG, Duarte A. Whole-genome sequencing resolves a polyclonal outbreak by extended-spectrum beta-lactam and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Portuguese tertiary-care hospital.. Microb Genom 2019 Sep;7(6).
    pmc: PMC8627661pubmed: 32234124doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000349google scholar: lookup
  16. Ellington MJ, Ekelund O, Aarestrup FM, Canton R, Doumith M, Giske C, Grundman H, Hasman H, Holden MTG, Hopkins KL, Iredell J, Kahlmeter G, Köser CU, MacGowan A, Mevius D, Mulvey M, Naas T, Peto T, Rolain JM, Samuelsen Ø, Woodford N. The role of whole genome sequencing in antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria: report from the EUCAST Subcommittee.. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017 Jan;23(1):2-22.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.11.012pubmed: 27890457google scholar: lookup
  17. Dijkshoorn L, Towner K. An introduction to the generation and analysis of microbial typing data. 2001; p 1–30.
  18. Abedon ST, García P, Mullany P, Aminov R. Editorial: Phage Therapy: Past, Present and Future.. Front Microbiol 2017;8:981.
    pmc: PMC5471325pubmed: 28663740doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00981google scholar: lookup
  19. Racklyeft DJ, Raidal S, Love DN. Towards an understanding of equine pleuropneumonia: factors relevant for control.. Aust Vet J 2000 May;78(5):334-8.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11788.xpubmed: 10904819google scholar: lookup
  20. Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Katayama Y. Use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect six groups of pathogens causing secondary lower respiratory bacterial infections in horses.. Microbiol Immunol 2015 Jun;59(6):365-70.
    doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12257pubmed: 25846404google scholar: lookup
  21. Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Croci C, Fabio V, Martino P, Ferro E. Bacterial pneumonia and pleuropneumonia in sport horses: 17 cases (2001–2003). Equine Vet Edu 2008;20:526–531.
    doi: 10.2746/095777308X354255google scholar: lookup
  22. Reuss SM, Giguère S. Update on bacterial pneumonia and pleuropneumonia in the adult horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2015 Apr;31(1):105-20.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.002pubmed: 25600453google scholar: lookup
  23. Pugsley AP, Chapon C, Schwartz M. Extracellular pullulanase of Klebsiella pneumoniae is a lipoprotein.. J Bacteriol 1986 Jun;166(3):1083-8.
    doi: 10.1128/jb.166.3.1083-1088.1986pmc: PMC215235pubmed: 3519575google scholar: lookup
  24. Wyres KL, Hawkey J, Hetland MAK, Fostervold A, Wick RR, Judd LM, Hamidian M, Howden BP, Löhr IH, Holt KE. Emergence and rapid global dissemination of CTX-M-15-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae strain ST307.. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Mar 1;74(3):577-581.
    doi: 10.1093/jac/dky492pmc: PMC6376852pubmed: 30517666google scholar: lookup
  25. Yoon EJ, Gwon B, Liu C, Kim D, Won D, Park SG, Choi JR, Jeong SH. Beneficial Chromosomal Integration of the Genes for CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae for Stable Propagation.. mSystems 2020 Sep 29;5(5).
    doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00459-20pmc: PMC7527135pubmed: 32994286google scholar: lookup
  26. Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu B, Wang G, Zhao K, Zhou Y. Characterization of an NDM-19-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain harboring 2 resistance plasmids from China.. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Apr;93(4):355-361.
    doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.11.007pubmed: 30552032google scholar: lookup
  27. Liang Q, Yin Z, Zhao Y, Liang L, Feng J, Zhan Z, Wang H, Song Y, Tong Y, Wu W, Chen W, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhou D. Sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the IncHI2 plasmids pT5282-mphA and p112298-catA and the IncHI5 plasmid pYNKP001-dfrA.. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017 Jun;49(6):709-718.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.021pubmed: 28390961google scholar: lookup
  28. Vornhagen J, Bassis CM, Ramakrishnan S, Hein R, Mason S, Bergman Y, Sunshine N, Fan Y, Holmes CL, Timp W, Schatz MC, Young VB, Simner PJ, Bachman MA. A plasmid locus associated with Klebsiella clinical infections encodes a microbiome-dependent gut fitness factor.. PLoS Pathog 2021 Apr;17(4):e1009537.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009537pmc: PMC8115787pubmed: 33930099google scholar: lookup
  29. Gomes AÉI, Pacheco T, Dos Santos CDS, Pereira JA, Ribeiro ML, Darrieux M, Ferraz LFC. Functional Insights From KpfR, a New Transcriptional Regulator of Fimbrial Expression That Is Crucial for Klebsiella pneumoniae Pathogenicity.. Front Microbiol 2020;11:601921.
    pmc: PMC7861041pubmed: 33552015doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601921google scholar: lookup
  30. Rossi H, Raekallio M, Määttä M, Tapio H, Hanifeh M, Junnila J, Rajamäki MM, Mykkänen A. Effects of general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency with and without vatinoxan on bronchoalveolar lavage cytology of healthy horses.. Vet J 2019 Sep;251:105352.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105352pubmed: 31492391google scholar: lookup
  31. Southwood LL. Perioperative antimicrobials: should we be concerned about antimicrobial drug use in equine surgical patients?. Equine Vet J 2014 May;46(3):267-9.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12247pubmed: 24716707google scholar: lookup
  32. Kotsanas D, Wijesooriya WR, Korman TM, Gillespie EE, Wright L, Snook K, Williams N, Bell JM, Li HY, Stuart RL. "Down the drain": carbapenem-resistant bacteria in intensive care unit patients and handwashing sinks.. Med J Aust 2013 Mar 18;198(5):267-9.
    pubmed: 23496403doi: 10.5694/mja12.11757google scholar: lookup
  33. Navon-Venezia S, Kondratyeva K, Carattoli A. Klebsiella pneumoniae: a major worldwide source and shuttle for antibiotic resistance.. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017 May 1;41(3):252-275.
    doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux013pubmed: 28521338google scholar: lookup
  34. Yang J, Ye L, Guo L, Zhao Q, Chen R, Luo Y, Chen Y, Tian S, Zhao J, Shen D, Han L. A nosocomial outbreak of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital: dissemination of ST11 and emergence of ST37, ST392 and ST395.. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013 Nov;19(11):E509-15.
    doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12275pubmed: 23841705google scholar: lookup
  35. Solgi H, Badmasti F, Giske CG, Aghamohammad S, Shahcheraghi F. Molecular epidemiology of NDM-1- and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Iranian hospital: clonal dissemination of ST11 and ST893.. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 Jun 1;73(6):1517-1524.
    doi: 10.1093/jac/dky081pubmed: 29518198google scholar: lookup
  36. Döpfer D, Buist W, Soyer Y, Munoz MA, Zadoks RN, Geue L, Engel B. Assessing genetic heterogeneity within bacterial species isolated from gastrointestinal and environmental samples: how many isolates does it take?. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008 Jun;74(11):3490-6.
    doi: 10.1128/AEM.02789-07pmc: PMC2423023pubmed: 18378649google scholar: lookup
  37. Xu M, Fu Y, Kong H, Chen X, Chen Y, Li L, Yang Q. Bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: prevalence of bla(KPC), virulence factors and their impacts on clinical outcome.. BMC Infect Dis 2018 Jul 31;18(1):358.
    doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3263-xpmc: PMC6069789pubmed: 30064360google scholar: lookup
  38. Di Mento G, Cuscino N, Carcione C, Cardinale F, Conaldi PG, Douradinha B. Emergence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392 clone harbouring KPC-3 in an Italian transplantation hospital.. J Hosp Infect 2018 Mar;98(3):313-314.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.11.019pubmed: 29208405google scholar: lookup
  39. Heiden SE, Hübner NO, Bohnert JA, Heidecke CD, Kramer A, Balau V, Gierer W, Schaefer S, Eckmanns T, Gatermann S, Eger E, Guenther S, Becker K, Schaufler K. A Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 outbreak clone from Germany demonstrates features of extensive drug resistance, hypermucoviscosity, and enhanced iron acquisition.. Genome Med 2020 Dec 9;12(1):113.
    doi: 10.1186/s13073-020-00814-6pmc: PMC7724794pubmed: 33298160google scholar: lookup
  40. Lowe M, Kock MM, Coetzee J, Hoosien E, Peirano G, Strydom KA, Ehlers MM, Mbelle NM, Shashkina E, Haslam DB, Dhawan P, Donnelly RJ, Chen L, Kreiswirth BN, Pitout JDD. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 with bla(OXA-181,) South Africa, 2014-2016.. Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Apr;25(4):739-747.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2504.181482pmc: PMC6433043pubmed: 30882333google scholar: lookup
  41. Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Garza-González E, Morfín-Otero R, Barrios H, Villarreal-Treviño L, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Garza-Ramos U, Petersen-Morfin S, Silva-Sanchez J. Molecular and microbiological report of a hospital outbreak of NDM-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae in Mexico.. PLoS One 2017;12(6):e0179651.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179651pmc: PMC5479539pubmed: 28636666google scholar: lookup
  42. Rojas LJ, Wright MS, De La Cadena E, Motoa G, Hujer KM, Villegas MV, Adams MD, Bonomo RA. Initial Assessment of the Molecular Epidemiology of blaNDM-1 in Colombia.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016 Jul;60(7):4346-50.
    doi: 10.1128/AAC.03072-15pmc: PMC4914651pubmed: 27067339google scholar: lookup
  43. Sartori L, Sellera FP, Moura Q, Cardoso B, Cerdeira L, Lincopan N. Multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 causing urinary tract infection in a dog in Brazil.. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Dec;19:96-97.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.09.003pubmed: 31520809google scholar: lookup
  44. Harada K, Shimizu T, Mukai Y, Kuwajima K, Sato T, Usui M, Tamura Y, Kimura Y, Miyamoto T, Tsuyuki Y, Ohki A, Kataoka Y. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella spp. Isolates from Companion Animals in Japan: Clonal Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Front Microbiol 2016;7:1021.
    pmc: PMC4925667pubmed: 27446056doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01021google scholar: lookup
  45. Martin RM, Bachman MA. Colonization, Infection, and the Accessory Genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018;8:4.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00004pmc: PMC5786545pubmed: 29404282google scholar: lookup
  46. Venturini C, Ben Zakour NL, Bowring B, Morales S, Cole R, Kovach Z, Branston S, Kettle E, Thomson N, Iredell JR. Fine capsule variation affects bacteriophage susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258.. FASEB J 2020 Aug;34(8):10801-10817.
    doi: 10.1096/fj.201902735Rpubmed: 32598522google scholar: lookup
  47. Clokie MRJ, Kropinski A. Bacteriophages: methods and protocols, volume 1. isolation, characterization, and interactions. 2009.
  48. Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock RE. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances.. Nat Protoc 2008;3(2):163-75.
    doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.521pubmed: 18274517google scholar: lookup
  49. Fajardo-Lubián A, Ben Zakour NL, Agyekum A, Qi Q, Iredell JR. Host adaptation and convergent evolution increases antibiotic resistance without loss of virulence in a major human pathogen.. PLoS Pathog 2019 Mar;15(3):e1007218.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007218pmc: PMC6436753pubmed: 30875398google scholar: lookup
  50. Partridge SR, Ginn AN, Wiklendt AM, Ellem J, Wong JS, Ingram P, Guy S, Garner S, Iredell JR. Emergence of blaKPC carbapenemase genes in Australia.. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015 Feb;45(2):130-6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.006pubmed: 25465526google scholar: lookup
  51. Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads.. PLoS Comput Biol 2017 Jun;13(6):e1005595.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595pmc: PMC5481147pubmed: 28594827google scholar: lookup
  52. Lam MMC, Wick RR, Watts SC, Cerdeira LT, Wyres KL, Holt KE. A genomic surveillance framework and genotyping tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae and its related species complex.. Nat Commun 2021 Jul 7;12(1):4188.
    doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24448-3pmc: PMC8263825pubmed: 34234121google scholar: lookup
  53. Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies.. Mol Biol Evol 2015 Jan;32(1):268-74.
    doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu300pmc: PMC4271533pubmed: 25371430google scholar: lookup
  54. Argimón S, Abudahab K, Goater RJE, Fedosejev A, Bhai J, Glasner C, Feil EJ, Holden MTG, Yeats CA, Grundmann H, Spratt BG, Aanensen DM. Microreact: visualizing and sharing data for genomic epidemiology and phylogeography.. Microb Genom 2016 Nov;2(11):e000093.
    pmc: PMC5320705pubmed: 28348833doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000093google scholar: lookup
  55. Page AJ, Cummins CA, Hunt M, Wong VK, Reuter S, Holden MT, Fookes M, Falush D, Keane JA, Parkhill J. Roary: rapid large-scale prokaryote pan genome analysis.. Bioinformatics 2015 Nov 15;31(22):3691-3.
    doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv421pmc: PMC4817141pubmed: 26198102google scholar: lookup
  56. Tonkin-Hill G, MacAlasdair N, Ruis C, Weimann A, Horesh G, Lees JA, Gladstone RA, Lo S, Beaudoin C, Floto RA, Frost SDW, Corander J, Bentley SD, Parkhill J. Producing polished prokaryotic pangenomes with the Panaroo pipeline.. Genome Biol 2020 Jul 22;21(1):180.
    doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02090-4pmc: PMC7376924pubmed: 32698896google scholar: lookup
  57. Johnson M, Zaretskaya I, Raytselis Y, Merezhuk Y, McGinnis S, Madden TL. NCBI BLAST: a better web interface.. Nucleic Acids Res 2008 Jul 1;36(Web Server issue):W5-9.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn201pmc: PMC2447716pubmed: 18440982google scholar: lookup
  58. Arndt D, Grant JR, Marcu A, Sajed T, Pon A, Liang Y, Wishart DS. PHASTER: a better, faster version of the PHAST phage search tool.. Nucleic Acids Res 2016 Jul 8;44(W1):W16-21.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw387pmc: PMC4987931pubmed: 27141966google scholar: lookup
  59. Carattoli A, Zankari E, García-Fernández A, Voldby Larsen M, Lund O, Villa L, Møller Aarestrup F, Hasman H. In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014 Jul;58(7):3895-903.
    doi: 10.1128/AAC.02412-14pmc: PMC4068535pubmed: 24777092google scholar: lookup
  60. Partridge SR, Tsafnat G. Automated annotation of mobile antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Annotator (MARA) and database.. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 Apr 1;73(4):883-890.
    doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx513pubmed: 29373760google scholar: lookup
  61. Wick RR, Schultz MB, Zobel J, Holt KE. Bandage: interactive visualization of de novo genome assemblies.. Bioinformatics 2015 Oct 15;31(20):3350-2.
    doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv383pmc: PMC4595904pubmed: 26099265google scholar: lookup
  62. Brettin T, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Olsen GJ, Olson R, Overbeek R, Parrello B, Pusch GD, Shukla M, Thomason JA 3rd, Stevens R, Vonstein V, Wattam AR, Xia F. RASTtk: a modular and extensible implementation of the RAST algorithm for building custom annotation pipelines and annotating batches of genomes.. Sci Rep 2015 Feb 10;5:8365.
    doi: 10.1038/srep08365pmc: PMC4322359pubmed: 25666585google scholar: lookup
  63. Di Martino P, Cafferini N, Joly B, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Klebsiella pneumoniae type 3 pili facilitate adherence and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces.. Res Microbiol 2003 Jan-Feb;154(1):9-16.
    doi: 10.1016/S0923-2508(02)00004-9pubmed: 12576153google scholar: lookup
  64. Totsika M, Beatson SA, Sarkar S, Phan MD, Petty NK, Bachmann N, Szubert M, Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL, Upton M, Schembri MA. Insights into a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli pathogen of the globally disseminated ST131 lineage: genome analysis and virulence mechanisms.. PLoS One 2011;6(10):e26578.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026578pmc: PMC3203889pubmed: 22053197google scholar: lookup
  65. Grant JR, Stothard P. The CGView Server: a comparative genomics tool for circular genomes.. Nucleic Acids Res 2008 Jul 1;36(Web Server issue):W181-4.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn179pmc: PMC2447734pubmed: 18411202google scholar: lookup
  66. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 10.0. 2020.
  67. CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 30th ed (CLSI supplement M100). 2020.

Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Collis RM, Biggs PJ, Burgess SA, Midwinter AC, Brightwell G, Cookson AL. Prevalence and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in two New Zealand dairy farm environments. Front Microbiol 2022;13:960748.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960748pubmed: 36033848google scholar: lookup
  2. Wang K, Xu J, Lu X, Yin P, Chen L, Zhao Z, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zheng J, Sun M, Peng D. Two novel trimethoprim resistance genes, dfra50 and dfra51, identified in phage-plasmids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2025 Jul 2;69(7):e0169524.
    doi: 10.1128/aac.01695-24pubmed: 40503927google scholar: lookup
  3. Ranieri SC, Fabbrizi V, D' Amario AM, Frascella MG, Di Biase V, Di Francesco C, Di Sante S, De Berardis L, De Martinis M, Partenza M, Chiaverini A, Centorotola G, Cammà C, Pomilio F, Cornacchia A. First report of a bla (NDM)-producing extensively drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 in Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024;14:1426817.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1426817pubmed: 39324055google scholar: lookup
  4. Kabir A, Lamichhane B, Habib T, Adams A, El-Sheikh Ali H, Slovis NM, Troedsson MHT, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Jul 29;13(8).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080713pubmed: 39200013google scholar: lookup
  5. Bianchessi L, De Bernardi G, Vigorelli M, Dall'Ara P, Turin L. Bacteriophage Therapy in Companion and Farm Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Mar 23;13(4).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13040294pubmed: 38666970google scholar: lookup
  6. Chung KM, Liau XL, Tang SS. Bacteriophages and Their Host Range in Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023 Oct 16;16(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ph16101467pubmed: 37895938google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.