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Home / Equine Research Bank / Clin Microbiol Rev / Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmissi...
Clinical microbiology reviews2025; 38(1); e0014622; doi: 10.1128/cmr.00146-22

Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses.

Abstract: SUMMARYNumerous questions persist regarding the role of companion animals as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms that can infect humans. While relative antimicrobial usage in companion animals is lower than that in humans, certain antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have comparable colonization rates in companion animals and their human counterparts, which inevitably raises questions regarding potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. Furthermore, the close contact between pets and their owners, as well as pets, veterinary professionals, and the veterinary clinic environment, provides ample opportunity for zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Here we summarize what is known about the transmission of AMR and select antimicrobial-resistant organisms between companion animals (primarily dogs, cats, and horses) and humans. We also describe the global distribution of selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms in companion animals. The impact of interspecies AMR transmission within households and veterinary care settings is critically reviewed and discussed in the context of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Key research areas are emphasized within established global action plans on AMR, offering valuable insights for shaping future research and surveillance initiatives.
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Publication Date: 2025-01-24 PubMed ID: 39853095PubMed Central: PMC11905369DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00146-22Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examines the role of pets such as dogs, cats, and horses in transmitting antimicrobial-resistant organisms that might cause infections in humans taking into account factors like close proximity and the shared veterinary clinic environment.

Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms and Companion Animals

  • The paper tries to answer the persisting question of whether companion animals act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms which could pose threats to human health.
  • Even while the use of antimicrobials in animals is lesser than in humans, certain resistant pathogens show similar colonization rates in both these species. This raises concern in terms of potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission.

Transmission Opportunities

  • The authors posit that the close physical contact shared between pets and their human caretakers, as well as between pets, veterinary professionals, and veterinary clinic environments, may create ample opportunities for zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.

The Research Scope

  • This study presents a summary of the known facts regarding AMR transmission and certain antimicrobial-resistant organisms’ interchange between companion animals and humans.
  • The authors have also considered the global distribution of selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms found in companion animals.

Impact of Interspecies AMR Transmission

  • The study critically reviews the impact of the transmission of AMR between species, especially within households and veterinary clinic environments.
  • Some specific microbes, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, and carbapenemase-producing bacteria, are also discussed in terms of their transmission and possible impact.

Further Research and Surveillance

  • Finally, the paper identifies key research areas that align with the global action plans on AMR.
  • The study contributes valuable insights that could shape future research efforts and initiatives on AMR surveillance.

Cite This Article

APA
Caddey B, Fisher S, Barkema HW, Nobrega DB. (2025). Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses. Clin Microbiol Rev, 38(1), e0014622. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00146-22

Publication

Clinical microbiology reviews
ISSN: 1098-6618
NlmUniqueID: 8807282
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: e0014622

Researcher Affiliations

Caddey, Benjamin
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Fisher, Sibina
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Barkema, Herman W
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Nobrega, Diego B
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Pets / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Zoonoses / transmission
  • Zoonoses / microbiology
  • Bacteria / drug effects
  • Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Bacterial Infections / transmission
  • Bacterial Infections / veterinary
  • Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Bacterial Zoonoses / transmission
  • Bacterial Zoonoses / microbiology

Grant Funding

  • CRC-2022-00168 / Canadian Government | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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