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Frontiers in microbiology2019; 10; 1260; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01260

Diversity, Virulence, and Clinical Significance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and pAmpC-Producing Escherichia coli From Companion Animals.

Abstract: are opportunistic pathogens with the potential to cause a variety of infections in both humans and animals and in many cases have developed antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we characterized extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant (ESCR) isolates from diseased companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses) and related the results to clinical findings. ESCR clinical isolates obtained over a 6-year period were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC) and virulence markers likely to be associated with extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC). ESBL and/or pAmpC genetic determinants were identified in 79.9% of the ESCR isolates with genes being the most common ESBL genotype of which , , and were the most prevalent. In addition, was the most common genotype identified amongst pAmpC producing isolates. Phylogenetic group typing showed that B2 was the most prevalent phylogroup among the ESCR isolates, followed by the closely related phylogroups D and F which are also associated with extra-intestinal infections. ESCR was also identified in phylogroups commonly regarded as commensals (B1, A, and C). Virulence factor (VF) scores >2 were mostly present amongst isolates in phylogroup B2. Higher virulence scores were found in isolates lacking ESBL/pAmpC resistance genes compared with those carrying both genes ( < 0.05). Five of phylogroup B2 isolates, were typed to the pandemic virulent O25b-ST131 clone and three ST131 isolates carrying belonged to the subclade C2/H30Rx whilst one isolate carrying typed to the recently described sub-clade C1-M27. MLST typing also identified other sequence types commonly associated with infections in humans (ST410, ST10, and ST648). Most ESCR isolates obtained in pure growth were cultured from normally sterile body sites (mostly from urinary tract infections, UTIs) whilst only a small proportion were obtained from body sites populated with commensal flora ( < 0.0001). Our study has shown that ExPEC ESBL/pAmpC producing isolates are common amongst companion animal isolates and are associated with colonization and infection. In addition, their isolation from a normally sterile site is likely to be clinically significant and warrants antimicrobial treatment.
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Publication Date: 2019-06-05 PubMed ID: 31231344PubMed Central: PMC6560200DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01260Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers in this study examined the potential harm and ability for drug resistance in a type of bacteria commonly found in dogs, cats, and horses. They found that the majority were capable of resisting certain antibiotics and causing disease, specifically a urinary tract infection.

Understanding the Bacteria and Its Resistance

  • Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that can be opportunistic, meaning it can cause infections in different species, including humans and animals.
  • This study focused on strains of E. coli that show resistance to a group of antibiotics known as extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESCR).
  • The researchers observed that about 79.9% of the ESCR E. coli contained resistance genes for two types of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms – extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC).
  • ESBL and pAmpC are both capable breaking down antibiotics, thereby reducing or eliminating their effectiveness.

Identifying Types and Strains of E. coli

  • The scientists identified various B2 phylogroup E. coli to be the most widespread among the ESCR E. coli samples, followed by phylogroups D and F.
  • Phylogroups B1, A, and C, often considered harmless, also demonstrated ESCR.
  • Research showed that ESCR isolates from phylogroup B2 had the highest virulence factor (VF) scores, indicating a great potential to cause disease.
  • The VF scores were found to be higher in isolates lacking resistance genes, which suggests that the presence of both ESBL/pAmpC genes somehow reduces the bacteria’s virulence or ability to cause disease.

Implications for Animal and Human Health

  • The E. coli isolates were mainly obtained from normally sterile body sites signifying that these bacteria are not just commensals but can also cause infections.
  • Notably, urinary tract infections were the most common among these diseases.
  • The study also showed that some E. coli strains common in companion animals mirror those often associated with human infections. This implies that these animals could be potential carriers of ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli and have the potential to transmit these to humans.
  • The study concludes that the isolation of ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli from a normally sterile site in animals is clinically significant and necessitates antibiotic treatment.

Cite This Article

APA
Bortolami A, Zendri F, Maciuca EI, Wattret A, Ellis C, Schmidt V, Pinchbeck G, Timofte D. (2019). Diversity, Virulence, and Clinical Significance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and pAmpC-Producing Escherichia coli From Companion Animals. Front Microbiol, 10, 1260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01260

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1260
PII: 1260

Researcher Affiliations

Bortolami, Alessio
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Zendri, Flavia
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Maciuca, Elena Iuliana
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Wattret, Andy
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Ellis, Christine
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Schmidt, Vanessa
  • Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
  • Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Pinchbeck, Gina
  • Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
Timofte, Dorina
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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