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Frontiers in microbiology2021; 12; 671676; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671676

Frequency, Local Dynamics, and Genomic Characteristics of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Specimens of Hospitalized Horses.

Abstract: Previous research identified veterinary clinics as hotspots with respect to accumulation and spread of multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (EC). Therefore, promoting the prudent use of antibiotics to decrease selective pressure in that particular clinical environment is preferable to enhance biosecurity for animal patients and hospital staff. Accordingly, this study comparatively investigated the impact of two distinct perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) regimens (short-term versus prolonged) on ESBL-EC carriage of horses subjected to colic surgery. While all horses received a combination of penicillin/gentamicin (P/G) as PAP, they were assigned to either the "single-shot group" (SSG) or the conventional "5-day group" (5DG). Fecal samples collected on arrival (t), on the 3rd (t) and on the 10th day after surgery (t) were screened for ESBL-EC. All isolates were further investigated using whole genome sequences. In total, 81 of 98 horses met the inclusion criteria for this study. ESBL-EC identified in samples available at t, t and t were 4.8% (SSG) and 9.7% (5DG), 37% (SSG) and 47.2% (5DG) as well as 55.6% (SSG) and 56.8% (5DG), respectively. Regardless of the P/G PAP regimen, horses were 9.12 times (95% CI 2.79-29.7) more likely to carry ESBL-EC at t compared to t ( < 0.001) and 15.64 times (95% CI 4.57-53.55) more likely to carry ESBL-EC at t compared to t ( < 0.001). ESBL-EC belonging to sequence type (ST) 10, ST86, ST641, and ST410 were the most prevalent lineages, with (60%) being the dominant ESBL gene. A close spatio-temporal relationship between isolates sharing a particular ST was revealed by genome analysis, strongly indicating local spread. Consequently, hospitalization itself has a strong impact on ESBL-EC isolation rates in horses, possibly masking differences between distinct PAP regimens. The results of this study reveal accumulation and spread of multi-drug resistant ESBL-EC among horses subjected to colic surgery with different P/G PAP regimens, challenging the local hygiene management system and work-place safety of veterinary staff. Moreover, the predominance of particular ESBL-EC lineages in clinics providing health care for horses needs further investigation.
Copyright © 2021 Kauter, Epping, Ghazisaeedi, Lübke-Becker, Wolf, Kannapin, Stoeckle, Semmler, Günther, Gehlen and Walther.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-16 PubMed ID: 33936023PubMed Central: PMC8085565DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671676Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studies the impact of two types of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (short-term vs. prolonged) on the carriage of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in horses after colic surgery. It found that hospitalisation significantly increases E. coli isolation rates, regardless of antibiotic regimen, indicating both a challenge for hygiene management and the need for further investigation on the dominance of particular E. coli strains in horse health clinics.

Background and Purpose of Study

  • The study was undertaken to explore the influence of two types of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) (single-shot vs. prolonged dosage) on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in horses undergoing colic surgery.
  • These types of bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics, posing serious treatment difficulties. Prior studies have identified veterinary clinics as common locations for the spread and accumulation of these bacteria, which has implications for both patient (animal) and hospital staff safety.
  • Investigation of the impact of different antibiotic treatments aimed to propose better strategies to enhance biosecurity.

Methodology and Findings

  • All horses involved in the study received a combination of antibiotics (penicillin/gentamin, or P/G) as PAP, and were subsequently divided into two groups. The first group received a single-shot of this combination, while the second group was treated on a 5-day course.
  • Researchers examined fecal samples collected from the horses on the day of arrival, the 3rd day, and the 10th day post-surgery for the presence of the ESBL-EC.
  • Of the total 98 horses, 81 met the criteria to be included in the study. Isolation rates of ESBL-EC in these samples rose over time in both groups, indicating an increasing likelihood of the presence of the bacteria over the course of hospitalisation.
  • The genetic sequencing of isolates revealed the most prevalent strains, demonstrating a sequence pattern that suggested a local spread of the bacteria within the hospital environment.

Implications and Conclusion

  • The results showed that, regardless of antibiotic regimen, hospitalisation significantly amplified the isolation rates of ESBL-EC in horses. This could potentially overshadow the differences between the impacts of different PAP practices.
  • This suggests that local hygiene management practices and work-place safety precautions for veterinary staff should be evaluated and improved.
  • The study also highlighted the predominance of specific ESBL-EC strains in horse clinics, indicating a need for deeper investigation into the reasons for this dominance and how it can be managed.

Cite This Article

APA
Kauter A, Epping L, Ghazisaeedi F, Lübke-Becker A, Wolf SA, Kannapin D, Stoeckle SD, Semmler T, Günther S, Gehlen H, Walther B. (2021). Frequency, Local Dynamics, and Genomic Characteristics of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Specimens of Hospitalized Horses. Front Microbiol, 12, 671676. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.671676

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 671676
PII: 671676

Researcher Affiliations

Kauter, Anne
  • Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Epping, Lennard
  • Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Ghazisaeedi, Fereshteh
  • Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lübke-Becker, Antina
  • Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Wolf, Silver A
  • Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Kannapin, Dania
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Stoeckle, Sabita D
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Semmler, Torsten
  • Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Günther, Sebastian
  • Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Walther, Birgit
  • Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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