FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Between Healthy and D...
Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 882423; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882423

Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Between Healthy and Diarrheic Horses.

Abstract: Increasing evidence reveals the importance of gut microbiota in animals for regulating intestinal homeostasis, metabolism, and host health. The gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in horses remains scarce. This study investigated and compared gut microbial changes in horses during diarrhea. The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in diarrheic horses decreased observably, accompanied by obvious shifts in taxonomic compositions. The dominant bacterial phyla (, and ) and genera (, and ) in the healthy and diarrheic horses were same regardless of health status but different in abundances. Compared with the healthy horses, the relative abundances of , and in the diarrheic horses were observably decreased, whereas , and were dramatically increased. Moreover, diarrhea also resulted in a significant reduction in the proportions of 31 genera and a significant increase in the proportions of 14 genera. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the gut bacterial diversity and abundance of horses changed significantly during diarrhea. Additionally, these findings also demonstrated that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be an important driving factor of diarrhea in horses.
Copyright © 2022 Li, Lan, Zhang and Wang.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-05-02 PubMed ID: 35585860PubMed Central: PMC9108932DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882423Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates how a horse’s gut microbes change during bouts of diarrhea. The results reveal differences in diversity and abundance of gut bacteria in healthy horses versus those with diarrhea, suggesting that a shift in gut microbiota could drive the onset of diarrhea in horses.

Overview of Research

  • This study addresses a gap in scientific knowledge about the gut microbiota of horses and its relationship with diarrhea. Previous research shows that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal balance and overall health in animals, as well as contributing to various diseases. However, specific details about the impact of diarrhea on the gut microbiota of horses are limited.

Research Methodology and Findings

  • The research compared the gut microbial changes in horses during periods of diarrhea. It showed a significant decrease in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in horses experiencing diarrhea, with distinct shifts in taxonomic compositions.
  • The dominant bacterial phyla and genera were the same in both healthy and diarrheic horses, but their abundances differed with health status.
  • Compared to healthy horses, those with diarrhea showed noticeable decreases in some bacterial species, while others increased dramatically.
  • The study also found a significant reduction in 31 genera and a substantial increase in 14 others due to diarrhea.

Conclusion and Implication of Findings

  • The findings demonstrate that horses’ gut bacterial diversity and abundance change significantly during diarrhea. The results suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance in the gut, could be a significant factor causing diarrhea in horses.
  • This research could guide further studies exploring the treatment and prevention of equine diarrhea by managing gut microbiota.

Cite This Article

APA
Li Y, Lan Y, Zhang S, Wang X. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Between Healthy and Diarrheic Horses. Front Vet Sci, 9, 882423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.882423

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 882423
PII: 882423

Researcher Affiliations

Li, Yaonan
  • Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.
Lan, Yanfang
  • Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.
Zhang, Shuang
  • Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.
Wang, Xiaoli
  • Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 65 references
  1. Liu J, Wang HW, Lin L, Miao CY, Zhang Y, Zhou BH. Intestinal barrier damage involved in intestinal microflora changes in fluoride-induced mice.. Chemosphere 2019 Nov;234:409-418.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.080pubmed: 31228844google scholar: lookup
  2. Li A, Wang Y, He Y, Liu B, Iqbal M, Mehmood K, Jamil T, Chang YF, Hu L, Li Y, Guo J, Pan J, Tang Z, Zhang H. Environmental fluoride exposure disrupts the intestinal structure and gut microbial composition in ducks.. Chemosphere 2021 Aug;277:130222.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130222pubmed: 33794430google scholar: lookup
  3. Cao Q, Li R, Fu R, Zhang X, Yue B, Wang J, Sun Z, Niu R. Intestinal fungal dysbiosis in mice induced by fluoride.. Chemosphere 2020 Apr;245:125617.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125617pubmed: 31855763google scholar: lookup
  4. Hu L, Geng S, Li Y, Cheng S, Fu X, Yue X, Han X. Exogenous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Local Adult Pigs to Crossbred Newborn Piglets.. Front Microbiol 2017;8:2663.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02663pmc: PMC5767267pubmed: 29375527google scholar: lookup
  5. Wickramasuriya SS, Park I, Lee K, Lee Y, Kim WH, Nam H, Lillehoj HS. Role of Physiology, Immunity, Microbiota, and Infectious Diseases in the Gut Health of Poultry.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jan 22;10(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020172pmc: PMC8875638pubmed: 35214631google scholar: lookup
  6. Wang J, Zhu G, Sun C, Xiong K, Yao T, Su Y, Fang H. TAK-242 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by regulating the gut microbiota and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.. Microb Cell Fact 2020 Aug 6;19(1):158.
    doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01417-xpmc: PMC7412642pubmed: 32762699google scholar: lookup
  7. Li A, Ding J, Shen T, Han Z, Zhang J, Abadeen ZU, Kulyar MF, Wang X, Li K. Environmental hexavalent chromium exposure induces gut microbial dysbiosis in chickens.. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Dec 20;227:112871.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112871pubmed: 34649138google scholar: lookup
  8. Kong A, Zhang C, Cao Y, Cao Q, Liu F, Yang Y, Tong Z, Rehman MU, Wang X, Huang S. The fungicide thiram perturbs gut microbiota community and causes lipid metabolism disorder in chickens.. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020 Dec 15;206:111400.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111400pubmed: 33010593google scholar: lookup
  9. Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Lacatusu CM, Floria M, Serban IL. Role of Gut Microbiota on Onset and Progression of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM).. Nutrients 2020 Dec 2;12(12).
    doi: 10.3390/nሒ3719pmc: PMC7760723pubmed: 33276482google scholar: lookup
  10. Wan H, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang K, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhang W, Xia F, Wang N, Lu Y. Chronic lead exposure induces fatty liver disease associated with the variations of gut microbiota.. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022 Mar 1;232:113257.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113257pubmed: 35104782google scholar: lookup
  11. Yan H, Qin Q, Chen J, Yan S, Li T, Gao X, Yang Y, Li A, Ding S. Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Visceral Obesity Based on Quantitative Computed Tomography.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:823262.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.823262pmc: PMC8811355pubmed: 35127566google scholar: lookup
  12. Dreisbach C, Morgan H, Cochran C, Gyamfi A, Henderson WA, Prescott S. Metabolic and Microbial Changes Associated With Diet and Obesity During Pregnancy: What Can We Learn From Animal Studies?. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:795924.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.795924pmc: PMC8804207pubmed: 35118010google scholar: lookup
  13. Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhu L, Xu Y, Liu N, Sun X, Hu L, Huang H, Wei K, Zhu R. Dynamic Distribution of Gut Microbiota in Goats at Different Ages and Health States.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:2509.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02509pmc: PMC6207909pubmed: 30405569google scholar: lookup
  14. Gryaznova MV, Dvoretskaya YD, Syromyatnikov MY, Shabunin SV, Parshin PA, Mikhaylov EV, Strelnikov NA, Popov VN. Changes in the Microbiome Profile in Different Parts of the Intestine in Piglets with Diarrhea.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 28;12(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12030320pmc: PMC8833389pubmed: 35158643google scholar: lookup
  15. Han Z, Li K, Shahzad M, Zhang H, Luo H, Qiu G, Lan Y, Wang X, Mehmood K, Li J. Analysis of the intestinal microbial community in healthy and diarrheal perinatal yaks by high-throughput sequencing.. Microb Pathog 2017 Oct;111:60-70.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.025pubmed: 28823792google scholar: lookup
  16. Wang Y, Li A, Zhang L, Waqas M, Mehmood K, Iqbal M, Muyou C, Li Z, Lian Y, Sizhu S, Li J. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus on the intestinal microflora against Escherichia coli induced mice model through high-throughput sequencing.. Microb Pathog 2019 Dec;137:103760.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103760pubmed: 31562897google scholar: lookup
  17. Wang Y, Li A, Liu J, Mehmood K, Wangdui B, Shi H, Luo X, Zhang H, Li J. L. pseudomesenteroides and L. johnsonii isolated from yaks in Tibet modulate gut microbiota in mice to ameliorate enteroinvasive Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea.. Microb Pathog 2019 Jul;132:1-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.020pubmed: 30999021google scholar: lookup
  18. Li A, Liu B, Li F, He Y, Wang L, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Li H, Fu Y, Zhu H, Wang Y, Jiang X. Integrated Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheic Giraffes.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:712092.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712092pmc: PMC8406688pubmed: 34475863google scholar: lookup
  19. Han Z, Li A, Pei L, Li K, Jin T, Li F, Wang Z, Lv S, Li Y. Milk Replacer Supplementation Ameliorates Growth Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Early-Weaning Yimeng Black Goats.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:572064.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572064pmc: PMC7669828pubmed: 33240951google scholar: lookup
  20. Guo X, Liu S, Wang Z, Zhang XX, Li M, Wu B. Metagenomic profiles and antibiotic resistance genes in gut microbiota of mice exposed to arsenic and iron.. Chemosphere 2014 Oct;112:1-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.068pubmed: 25048881google scholar: lookup
  21. Cao QQ, Lin LX, Xu TT, Lu Y, Zhang CD, Yue K, Huang SC, Dong HJ, Jian FC. Aflatoxin B1 alters meat quality associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut-microbiota in sheep.. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Dec 1;225:112754.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112754pubmed: 34488145google scholar: lookup
  22. Li Y, Zuo Z, Zhang B, Luo H, Song B, Zhou Z, Chang X. Impacts of early-life paraquat exposure on gut microbiota and body weight in adult mice.. Chemosphere 2022 Mar;291(Pt 3):133135.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133135pubmed: 34863722google scholar: lookup
  23. Zhou J, Shu R, Yu C, Xiong Z, Xiao Q, Li Z, Xie X, Fu Z. Exposure to low concentration of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid induces the disorders of liver lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice.. Chemosphere 2020 Nov;258:127255.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127255pubmed: 32554004google scholar: lookup
  24. Xin J, Chai Z, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Cao H, Zhong J, Ji Q. Comparing the Microbial Community in Four Stomach of Dairy Cattle, Yellow Cattle and Three Yak Herds in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:1547.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01547pmc: PMC6636666pubmed: 31354656google scholar: lookup
  25. Xi L, Song Y, Qin X, Han J, Chang YF. Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Alternations in Gut Microbiota of Diarrheal Giraffa camelopardalis.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:649372.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.649372pmc: PMC8192810pubmed: 34124218google scholar: lookup
  26. Li A, Yang Y, Qin S, Lv S, Jin T, Li K, Han Z, Li Y. Microbiome analysis reveals gut microbiota alteration of early-weaned Yimeng black goats with the effect of milk replacer and age.. Microb Cell Fact 2021 Mar 31;20(1):78.
    doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01568-5pmc: PMC8010993pubmed: 33789672google scholar: lookup
  27. Liu Z, Li A, Wang Y, Iqbal M, Zheng A, Zhao M, Li Z, Wang N, Wu C, Yu D. Comparative analysis of microbial community structure between healthy and Aeromonas veronii-infected Yangtze finless porpoise.. Microb Cell Fact 2020 Jun 5;19(1):123.
    doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01383-4pmc: PMC7275351pubmed: 32503532google scholar: lookup
  28. Li A, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Lv S, Jin T, Li K, Han Z, Li Y. Microbiome analysis reveals the alterations in gut microbiota in different intestinal segments of Yimeng black goats.. Microb Pathog 2021 Jun;155:104900.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104900pubmed: 33894292google scholar: lookup
  29. Eberl C, Ring D, Münch PC, Beutler M, Basic M, Slack EC, Schwarzer M, Srutkova D, Lange A, Frick JS, Bleich A, Stecher B. Reproducible Colonization of Germ-Free Mice With the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota in Different Animal Facilities.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2999.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02999pmc: PMC6965490pubmed: 31998276google scholar: lookup
  30. Pilla R, Suchodolski JS. The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:498.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00498pmc: PMC6971114pubmed: 31993446google scholar: lookup
  31. Zhou A, Yuan Y, Yang M, Huang Y, Li X, Li S, Yang S, Tang B. Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiota and Epithelial Cells Under Physiological and Infectious Conditions.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:832672.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.832672pmc: PMC8829037pubmed: 35155283google scholar: lookup
  32. Wu Y, Nie C, Luo R, Qi F, Bai X, Chen H, Niu J, Chen C, Zhang W. Effects of Multispecies Probiotic on Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Barrier Function of Neonatal Calves Infected With E. coli K99.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:813245.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813245pmc: PMC8826468pubmed: 35154038google scholar: lookup
  33. Dias J, Marcondes MI, Motta de Souza S, Cardoso da Mata E Silva B, Fontes Noronha M, Tassinari Resende R, Machado FS, Cuquetto Mantovani H, Dill-McFarland KA, Suen G. Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018 May 1;84(9).
    doi: 10.1128/AEM.02675-17pmc: PMC5930334pubmed: 29475865google scholar: lookup
  34. Li B, Zhang K, Li C, Wang X, Chen Y, Yang Y. Characterization and Comparison of Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of the Goat (Capra hircus) During Preweaning Development.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2125.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02125pmc: PMC6753876pubmed: 31572331google scholar: lookup
  35. Jin C, Zeng Z, Fu Z, Jin Y. Oral imazalil exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in mice.. Chemosphere 2016 Oct;160:349-58.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.105pubmed: 27393971google scholar: lookup
  36. Mayneris-Perxachs J, Cardellini M, Hoyles L, Latorre J, Davato F, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Serino M, Abbott J, Barton RH, Puig J, Fernández-Real X, Ricart W, Tomlinson C, Woodbridge M, Gentileschi P, Butcher SA, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, Clain DM, Burcelin R, Dumas ME, Federici M, Fernández-Real JM. Iron status influences non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity through the gut microbiome.. Microbiome 2021 May 7;9(1):104.
    doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01052-7pmc: PMC8106161pubmed: 33962692google scholar: lookup
  37. Chang X, Kang M, Shen Y, Yun L, Yang G, Zhu L, Meng X, Zhang J, Su X. Bacillus coagulans SCC-19 maintains intestinal health in cadmium-exposed common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by strengthening the gut barriers, relieving oxidative stress and modulating the intestinal microflora.. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Nov 13;228:112977.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112977pubmed: 34781134google scholar: lookup
  38. He K, Yan W, Sun C, Liu J, Bai R, Wang T, Qian W. Alterations in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in weaned piglets infected with Balantioides coli.. Vet Parasitol 2020 Dec;288:109298.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109298pubmed: 33171414google scholar: lookup
  39. Bui AT, Williams BA, Hoedt EC, Morrison M, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. High amylose wheat starch structures display unique fermentability characteristics, microbial community shifts and enzyme degradation profiles.. Food Funct 2020 Jun 24;11(6):5635-5646.
    doi: 10.1039/D0FO00198Hpubmed: 32537617google scholar: lookup
  40. Kosiewicz MM, Zirnheld AL, Alard P. Gut microbiota, immunity, and disease: a complex relationship.. Front Microbiol 2011;2:180.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00180pmc: PMC3166766pubmed: 21922015google scholar: lookup
  41. Wang B, Deng B, Yong F, Zhou H, Qu C, Zhou Z. Comparison of the fecal microbiomes of healthy and diarrheic captive wild boar.. Microb Pathog 2020 Oct;147:104377.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104377pubmed: 32653436google scholar: lookup
  42. Zhang L, Jiang X, Li A, Waqas M, Gao X, Li K, Xie G, Zhang J, Mehmood K, Zhao S, Wangdui B, Li J. Characterization of the microbial community structure in intestinal segments of yak (Bos grunniens).. Anaerobe 2020 Feb;61:102115.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102115pubmed: 31711887google scholar: lookup
  43. Li K, Mehmood K, Zhang H, Jiang X, Shahzad M, Dong X, Li J. Characterization of fungus microbial diversity in healthy and diarrheal yaks in Gannan region of Tibet Autonomous Prefecture.. Acta Trop 2018 Jun;182:14-26.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.017pubmed: 29454733google scholar: lookup
  44. Sun B, Wang X, Bernstein S, Huffman MA, Xia DP, Gu Z, Chen R, Sheeran LK, Wagner RS, Li J. Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana).. Sci Rep 2016 May 16;6:26035.
    doi: 10.1038/srep26035pmc: PMC4867428pubmed: 27180722google scholar: lookup
  45. Li A, Wang Y, Li Z, Qamar H, Mehmood K, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhang H, Li J. Probiotics isolated from yaks improves the growth performance, antioxidant activity, and cytokines related to immunity and inflammation in mice.. Microb Cell Fact 2019 Jun 19;18(1):112.
    doi: 10.1186/s12934-019-1161-6pmc: PMC6585042pubmed: 31217027google scholar: lookup
  46. Garneau JE, Tremblay DM, Moineau S. Characterization of 1706, a virulent phage from Lactococcus lactis with similarities to prophages from other Firmicutes.. Virology 2008 Apr 10;373(2):298-309.
    doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.002pubmed: 18191977google scholar: lookup
  47. Tan J, McKenzie C, Potamitis M, Thorburn AN, Mackay CR, Macia L. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease.. Adv Immunol 2014;121:91-119.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800100-4.00003-9pubmed: 24388214google scholar: lookup
  48. Miller TL, Currenti E, Wolin MJ. Anaerobic bioconversion of cellulose by Ruminococcus albus, Methanobrevibacter smithii, and Methanosarcina barkeri.. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000 Oct;54(4):494-8.
    doi: 10.1007/s002530000430pubmed: 11092623google scholar: lookup
  49. Seshadri R, Leahy SC, Attwood GT, Teh KH, Lambie SC, Cookson AL, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Pavlopoulos GA, Hadjithomas M, Varghese NJ, Paez-Espino D, Perry R, Henderson G, Creevey CJ, Terrapon N, Lapebie P, Drula E, Lombard V, Rubin E, Kyrpides NC, Henrissat B, Woyke T, Ivanova NN, Kelly WJ. Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection.. Nat Biotechnol 2018 Apr;36(4):359-367.
    doi: 10.1038/nbt.4110pmc: PMC6118326pubmed: 29553575google scholar: lookup
  50. Kong F, Hua Y, Zeng B, Ning R, Li Y, Zhao J. Gut microbiota signatures of longevity.. Curr Biol 2016 Sep 26;26(18):R832-R833.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.015pubmed: 27676296google scholar: lookup
  51. Cai W, Xu J, Li G, Liu T, Guo X, Wang H, Luo L. Ethanol extract of propolis prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice.. Food Res Int 2020 Apr;130:108939.
    doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108939pubmed: 32156386google scholar: lookup
  52. Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, Bergström G, Behre CJ, Fagerberg B, Nielsen J, Bäckhed F. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control.. Nature 2013 Jun 6;498(7452):99-103.
    doi: 10.1038/nature12198pubmed: 23719380google scholar: lookup
  53. Bui TP, Ritari J, Boeren S, de Waard P, Plugge CM, de Vos WM. Production of butyrate from lysine and the Amadori product fructoselysine by a human gut commensal.. Nat Commun 2015 Dec 1;6:10062.
    doi: 10.1038/ncomms10062pmc: PMC4697335pubmed: 26620920google scholar: lookup
  54. Yu HS, Lee NK, Choi AJ, Choe JS, Bae CH, Paik HD. Antagonistic and antioxidant effect of probiotic Weissella cibaria JW15.. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019 Jun;28(3):851-855.
    doi: 10.1007/s10068-018-0519-6pmc: PMC6484072pubmed: 31093443google scholar: lookup
  55. Choi SI, You S, Kim S, Won G, Kang CH, Kim GH. Weissella cibaria MG5285 and Lactobacillus reuteri MG5149 attenuated fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice.. Food Nutr Res 2021;65.
    doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.8087pmc: PMC8559444pubmed: 34776827google scholar: lookup
  56. Chen YH, Bai J, Wu D, Yu SF, Qiang XL, Bai H, Wang HN, Peng ZW. Association between fecal microbiota and generalized anxiety disorder: Severity and early treatment response.. J Affect Disord 2019 Dec 1;259:56-66.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.014pubmed: 31437702google scholar: lookup
  57. Liu Z, Yin B. Alterations in the Gut Microbial Composition and Diversity of Tibetan Sheep Infected With Echinococcus granulosus.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:778789.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.778789pmc: PMC8792969pubmed: 35097041google scholar: lookup
  58. Zhao J, Yao Y, Li D, Xu H, Wu J, Wen A, Xie M, Ni Q, Zhang M, Peng G, Xu H. Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Six Geographical Populations of Chinese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta), Implying an Adaptation to High-Altitude Environment.. Microb Ecol 2018 Aug;76(2):565-577.
    doi: 10.1007/s00248-018-1146-8pubmed: 29372281google scholar: lookup
  59. Rai R, Saraswat VA, Dhiman RK. Gut microbiota: its role in hepatic encephalopathy.. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015 Mar;5(Suppl 1):S29-36.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.12.003pmc: PMC4442863pubmed: 26041954google scholar: lookup
  60. Huang C, Song P, Fan P, Hou C, Thacker P, Ma X. Dietary Sodium Butyrate Decreases Postweaning Diarrhea by Modulating Intestinal Permeability and Changing the Bacterial Communities in Weaned Piglets.. J Nutr 2015 Dec;145(12):2774-80.
    doi: 10.3945/jn.115.217406pubmed: 26491121google scholar: lookup
  61. Zhao L, Zhang Q, Ma W, Tian F, Shen H, Zhou M. A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota.. Food Funct 2017 Dec 13;8(12):4644-4656.
    doi: 10.1039/C7FO01383Cpubmed: 29152632google scholar: lookup
  62. Xi L, Song Y, Han J, Qin X. Microbiome analysis reveals the significant changes in gut microbiota of diarrheic Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri).. Microb Pathog 2021 Aug;157:105015.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105015pubmed: 34062226google scholar: lookup
  63. Melbye P, Olsson A, Hansen TH, Søndergaard HB, Bang Oturai A. Short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis.. Acta Neurol Scand 2019 Mar;139(3):208-219.
    doi: 10.1111/ane.13045pubmed: 30427062google scholar: lookup
  64. Goverse G, Molenaar R, Macia L, Tan J, Erkelens MN, Konijn T, Knippenberg M, Cook EC, Hanekamp D, Veldhoen M, Hartog A, Roeselers G, Mackay CR, Mebius RE. Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells.. J Immunol 2017 Mar 1;198(5):2172-2181.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600165pubmed: 28100682google scholar: lookup
  65. Puddu A, Sanguineti R, Montecucco F, Viviani GL. Evidence for the gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids as key pathophysiological molecules improving diabetes.. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:162021.
    doi: 10.1155/2014/162021pmc: PMC4151858pubmed: 25214711google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 17 times.
  1. Yi P, Li T, Xu L, Li X, Wang H, Ma Y, Ma Y, Sun Y, Li N, Zhong Q, Ma X, Yao G. The differential gut microbiota and their MetaCyc pathways in IBRV infected Angus calves. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1588341.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1588341pubmed: 40950591google scholar: lookup
  2. Zhang Y, Ma Y, Qi Y. Potential relationship between gut microbiota and animal diarrhea: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1637331.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1637331pubmed: 40778205google scholar: lookup
  3. Qin X, Xi L, Zhao L, Han J, Qu H, Xu Y, Weng W. Exploring the distinctive characteristics of gut microbiota across different horse breeds and ages using metataxonomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025;15:1590839.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1590839pubmed: 40692682google scholar: lookup
  4. Wu Z, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ji L, Gan L. Microbiome analysis reveals gut bacterial alterations in adult Tibetan pigs with diarrhea. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1524727.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1524727pubmed: 40661986google scholar: lookup
  5. Wang Y, Shi M, Wu J, Han X, Li M, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Hu D. Variations in Intestinal Microbiota Among Three Species in the Cervidae Family Under the Same Feeding Conditions. Vet Sci 2025 May 3;12(5).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12050438pubmed: 40431531google scholar: lookup
  6. Lan Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Microbiome analysis reveals dynamic changes of gut microbiota in Guizhou horse and Dutch Warmblood horses. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1562482.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1562482pubmed: 40143867google scholar: lookup
  7. Zhu D, Li S, Xu Z, Kulyar MF, Bai X, Wang Y, Wang B, Khateeb E, Deng D, Wang L, Chen Y, Guo A, Shen Y. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic foals. Microbiol Spectr 2025 Mar 19;13(5):e0087124.
    doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00871-24pubmed: 40105330google scholar: lookup
  8. Shi Y, Maga EA, Mienaltowski MJ. Fecal microbiota changes associated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic diarrheas in foals. BMC Res Notes 2025 Jan 23;18(1):34.
    doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07110-9pubmed: 39849534google scholar: lookup
  9. Klinhom S, Kunasol C, Sriwichaiin S, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC, Thitaram C. Characteristics of gut microbiota profiles in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with gastrointestinal disorders. Sci Rep 2025 Jan 8;15(1):1327.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85495-0pubmed: 39779898google scholar: lookup
  10. Li Z, Luo Z, Hu D. Assessing Fecal Microbial Diversity and Hormone Levels as Indicators of Gastrointestinal Health in Reintroduced Przewalski's Horses (Equus ferus przewalskii). Animals (Basel) 2024 Sep 9;14(17).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14172616pubmed: 39272401google scholar: lookup
  11. Bell J, Radial SL, Cuming RS, Trope G, Hughes KJ. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiota of foals with diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Sep-Oct;38(5):2718-2728.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17185pubmed: 39266472google scholar: lookup
  12. Nie Y, Lin T, Yang Y, Liu W, Hu Q, Chen G, Huang L, Wu H, Kong C, Lei Z, Guo J. The downregulation of tight junction proteins and pIgR in the colonic epithelium causes the susceptibility of EpCAM(+/-) mice to colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Mol Biosci 2024;11:1442611.
    doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1442611pubmed: 39188786google scholar: lookup
  13. Leng J, Moller-Levet C, Mansergh RI, O'Flaherty R, Cooke R, Sells P, Pinkham C, Pynn O, Smith C, Wise Z, Ellis R, Couto Alves A, La Ragione R, Proudman C. Early-life gut bacterial community structure predicts disease risk and athletic performance in horses bred for racing. Sci Rep 2024 Aug 7;14(1):17124.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64657-6pubmed: 39112552google scholar: lookup
  14. Tuniyazi M, Tang R, Hu X, Fu Y, Zhang N. Carbonate buffer mixture and fecal microbiota transplantation hold promising therapeutic effects on oligofructose-induced diarrhea in horses. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1388227.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388227pubmed: 38711536google scholar: lookup
  15. Kong Q, Chen X, Liu Y, Ali F, Idrees A, Ataya FS, Shang Z, Li K. Sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate diarrhea in yak calves by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Heliyon 2024 Mar 15;10(5):e26564.
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26564pubmed: 38439875google scholar: lookup
  16. Xu S, Yu Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Shi C, Li J, Wang F, Liu H. Wheat bran inclusion level impacts its net energy by shaping gut microbiota and regulating heat production in gestating sows. Anim Nutr 2023 Dec;15:45-57.
    doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.013pubmed: 37779510google scholar: lookup
  17. Ford T, McAdams ZL, Townsend KS, Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Ericsson AC. Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Composition and Predicted Function of Equine Fecal Microbiota. Biology (Basel) 2023 Sep 19;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/biology12091254pubmed: 37759653google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.