Comparative anatomy of the accessory ciliary ganglion in mammals.
Abstract: The orbits of 13 mammalian species (pig, sika deer, domestic sheep, horse, cat, fox, racoon dog, marten, rat, rabbit, crab-eating macaque, japanese macaque and man) were stained with silver nitrate and dissected under a dissecting microscope with special attention to the presence and location of the accessory ciliary ganglion. Some preparations were stained with thionin and examined as whole-mounts in a transmission microscope. The accessory ciliary ganglion was present in all 13 species, although the number and degree of development varied greatly from species to species. The accessory ciliary ganglion could be readily differentiated from the main ciliary ganglion in the following respects: it was located on the short ciliary nerve, and it had no root derived directly from the inferior trunk of the oculomotor nerve and it never attaches to this nerve. In many species, ganglion cells were also scattered in the short ciliary nerves in the stained whole preparations. In a few species, there were one or more small ganglia on the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle.
Publication Date: 1989-01-01 PubMed ID: 2802184DOI: 10.1007/BF00309772Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study examined the presence and characteristics of an additional cluster of nerves known as the accessory ciliary ganglion in the eyes of 13 various mammals.
Objective and Methodology
The purpose of the study was to examine the presence and detailed structure of the accessory ciliary ganglion in different mammals. The researchers used the orbits of 13 mammalian species for their study. The species included were the pig, sika deer, sheep, horse, cat, fox, raccoon dog, marten, rat, rabbit, crab-eating macaque, Japanese macaque, and humans. The orbits were stained with silver nitrate for clarity and dissected under a microscope. The main focus was on the presence and location of the accessory ciliary ganglion. Some preparations were also stained with thionin and observed under a transmission microscope.
Findings
- The accessory ciliary ganglion, an additional cluster of nerves, was found in all 13 species studied, indicating its universal presence in mammals.
- There was significant variation in the number and level of development of the accessory ciliary ganglion among the various species.
Distinct Characteristics
- The researchers found that the accessory ciliary ganglion could be easily distinguished from the main ciliary ganglion based on its location and roots. Particularly, it is located on the short ciliary nerve instead of the main nerve.
- Another distinct feature is that it does not have roots directly derived from the inferior trunk of the oculomotor nerve and never attaches itself with the said nerve.
Additional Observations
- In many species, ganglion cells were also spotted scattered in the short ciliary nerves when the orbits were stained and observed.
- In a few species, researchers found one or more small ganglia on the nerve that leads towards the inferior oblique muscle of the eye.
Cite This Article
APA
Kuchiiwa S, Kuchiiwa T, Suzuki T.
(1989).
Comparative anatomy of the accessory ciliary ganglion in mammals.
Anat Embryol (Berl), 180(2), 199-205.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309772 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Anatomy, Hirosaki University, School of Medicine, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cats
- Deer
- Dogs
- Eye / innervation
- Foxes
- Ganglia, Parasympathetic / anatomy & histology
- Horses
- Humans
- Macaca
- Mammals / anatomy & histology
- Oculomotor Nerve / cytology
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Swine
References
This article includes 8 references
- Tobari I. [Fine structure of short-and long-ciliary nerve fibers and sympathetic nerve fibers].. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1971 Jan 20;75:728-38.
- GRIMES P, VON SALLMANN L. Comparative anatomy of the ciliary nerves.. Arch Ophthalmol 1960 Jul;64:81-91.
- Christensen K. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves in the Orbit of the Cat.. J Anat 1936 Jan;70(Pt 2):225-232.3.
- Kuchiiwa S, Kuchiiwa T, Matsue H, Sukekawa K. Efferent connections of area 20 in the cat: HRP-WGA and autoradiographic studies.. Exp Brain Res 1985;60(1):179-83.
- Kuchiiwa S, Kuchiiwa T, Suzuki T. [Localization of neurons giving rise to the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers passing through or bypassing the ciliary ganglion in the cat].. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Jun;92(6):946-51.
- Sinnreich Z, Nathan H. The ciliary ganglion in man (anatomical observations).. Anat Anz 1981;150(3):287-97.
- Kuchiiwa S, Suzuki T, Kuchiiwa T. [The accessory ciliary ganglion and the scattered ganglion cells in the short ciliary nerve in the cat].. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Jan;92(1):103-11.
- Kuchiiwa S, Shoumura K, Kuchiiwa T, Imai H. Afferents to the cortical pupillo-constrictor areas of the cat, traced with HRP.. Exp Brain Res 1984;54(2):377-81.
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Wu F, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Ocular Autonomic Nervous System: An Update from Anatomy to Physiological Functions.. Vision (Basel) 2022 Jan 14;6(1).
- Joshi S, Gold JI. Pupil Size as a Window on Neural Substrates of Cognition.. Trends Cogn Sci 2020 Jun;24(6):466-480.
- McDougal DH, Gamlin PD. Autonomic control of the eye.. Compr Physiol 2015 Jan;5(1):439-73.
- Miyagawa S, Mihashi T, Kanda H, Hirohara Y, Endo T, Morimoto T, Miyoshi T, Fujikado T. Asymmetric wavefront aberrations and pupillary shapes induced by electrical stimulation of ciliary nerve in cats measured with compact wavefront aberrometer.. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e105615.
- Hamel O, Corre P, Ploteau S, Armstrong O, Rogez JM, Robert R, Hamel A. Ciliary ganglion afferents and efferents variations: a possible explanation of postganglionic mydriasis.. Surg Radiol Anat 2012 Dec;34(10):897-902.
- Kozicz T, Bittencourt JC, May PJ, Reiner A, Gamlin PD, Palkovits M, Horn AK, Toledo CA, Ryabinin AE. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a historical, structural, and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology.. J Comp Neurol 2011 Jun 1;519(8):1413-34.
- Zhang YL, Tan CK, Wong WC. The ciliary ganglion of the cat: a light and electron microscopic study.. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1993 Jun;187(6):591-9.
- Zhang YL, Tan CK, Wong WC. The ciliary ganglion of the monkey: a light and electron microscope study.. J Anat 1994 Apr;184 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):251-60.
- Kuchiiwa S. Morphology of the accessory ciliary ganglion of the cat.. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1990;181(3):299-303.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
