Comparative disposition kinetics and plasma protein binding of gentamicin sulphate in three juvenile animal species.
Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was studied in lambs, calves and foals, respectively after single intravenous (i.v.) injections of 5 mg kg(-1) body weight. The plasma concentration-time curves of gentamicin sulphate were best fitted to follow a two-compartment open model in calves and foals and a three-compartment open model in lambs. Gentamicin showed high plasma level at 5 min post-injection. Then its concentration decreased gradually until its minimum detectable level at 10 and 12 h post-injection in foals and calves, respectively, was reached. In contrast, the plasma concentrations were much higher in lambs and persisted up to 48 h from the onset of injection. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters for gentamicin sulphate in different animals after i.v. injections were calculated. Pharmacokinetic data in lambs demonstrated a triphasic decline in plasma gentamicin concentration with slow terminal elimination phase (washout phase) with (t(1/2y)) of 7.7 h. Gentamicin showed a small volume of distribution Vd(ss) (80.3 ml kg(-1)) in lambs indicating that the drug is slightly distributed in extra-vascular tissues. The overall rate of total body clearance ClB in lambs was (0.46 ml kg(-1)) slower than in calves (1.5 ml kg(-1)) and foals (2.7 ml kg(-1)). In vitro protein binding per cent of gentamicin sulphate in plasma were 16.80, 11.03 and 7.98% in lambs, calves and foals. The results of this study emphasize the importance of determining the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in each species of young animals separately.
Publication Date: 2003-09-02 PubMed ID: 12948156DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00530.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research explores how the body processes and eliminates the antibiotic gentamicin in young lambs, calves, and foals. It reveals differences in how the drug distributes and clears in these three animal species.
Introduction and Methodology
- The study focuses on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, which is the study of how a drug moves through the body (absorption, distribution, metabolization, and excretion).
- To conduct the research, the scientists gave a single, intravenous injection of gentamicin to lambs, calves, and foals. The injected dosage was 5 mg of the drug per kg of body weight.
Findings on Gentamicin Disposition Kinetics
- Five minutes after injection, the plasma concentration of the drug peaked in all animals.
- Then, its concentration gradually decreased, but at different rates and to different extents in different species. The minimum detectable level of gentamicin was reached 10 hours post-injection in foals, and 12 hours in calves.
- In contrast, the drug’s concentration declined very slowly in lambs, remaining detectable in the plasma for up to 48 hours post-injection.
Key Differences in Drug Distribution and Clearance Among Species
- The data suggested different patterns of drug distribution and clearance between the species.
- In lambs, the drug’s volume of distribution (a measure of the extent the drug spreads throughout the body) was small, indicating that gentamicin was not extensively distributed to extra-vascular tissues.
- The rate of overall body clearance (how fast the drug is removed from the body) was slower in lambs than in calves and foals.
Protein Binding Of Gentamicin Sulphate
- How much gentamicin binds to plasma proteins also varies by species, which could influence drug effectiveness and distribution. Less protein-bound drug is available to distribute to tissues and organs, potentially affecting the drug’s effectiveness.
- In lambs, about 16.80% of the gentamicin in plasma was protein-bound. In contrast, only 11.03% and 7.98% of the drug bound to proteins in calves and foals’ plasma, respectively.
Conclusions and Implications
- The differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among the species emphasize the importance of determining how each species metabolizes the drug, indicating that dosage and administration frequency may need adjustment by species.
Cite This Article
APA
Abo El Sooud K.
(2003).
Comparative disposition kinetics and plasma protein binding of gentamicin sulphate in three juvenile animal species.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 50(4), 196-200.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00530.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. kasooud@hotmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic / physiology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Area Under Curve
- Binding Sites
- Cattle
- Gentamicins / administration & dosage
- Gentamicins / pharmacokinetics
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous
- Protein Binding
- Sheep
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Alarifi S, Al-Doaiss A, Alkahtani S, Al-Farraj SA, Al-Eissa MS, Al-Dahmash B, Al-Yahya H, Mubarak M. Blood chemical changes and renal histological alterations induced by gentamicin in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012 Jan;19(1):103-10.
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