Comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders.
Abstract: The sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (CFT) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CIDC) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and culture-positive (44) horses, donkeys and mules). Immunoblotting (IB) was used as the gold standard test. Highest sensitivity was shown for the CIDC antigen (100 per cent) followed by the c.c.pro antigen (99.39 per cent). However, the USDA antigen showed substantially less (p<0.05) sensitivity (62.19 per cent). Highest specificity was found for the USDA antigen (100 per cent) followed by the CIDC (97.5 per cent) and c.c.pro antigen (96.5 per cent). Positive and negative predictive values (assumed glanders prevalence of <0.1 per cent) for each antigen were calculated to be 95.88 and 99.48 (c.c.pro), 97.04 and 100 (CIDC), 100 and 76.33 per cent (USDA), respectively. Almost perfect agreement (0.96) was found between CFT using either c.c.pro or CIDC and IB.
Publication Date: 2011-09-06 PubMed ID: 21896565DOI: 10.1136/vr.d5410Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article evaluates the accuracy of detection and diagnostic capabilities of three different testing antigens used for glanders, a disease affecting horses. The antigens are sourced from c.c.pro, the Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CIDC), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Through these tests, the CIDC antigen showed the highest sensitivity and USDA antigen showed the best specificity.
Explanation of the Research paper
- In the start, the research notes testing of three commercially used complement fixation test (CFT) antigens which are critical in the diagnosis of glanders, a bacterial disease that primarily affects horses. The testing antigens were obtained from three distinct sources: c.c.pro, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CIDC), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
- A total of 410 sera samples were tested; 200 were derived from non-infected animals and 210 were collected from experimentally immunised animals, horses that were clinically positive, and horses, donkeys, and mules that tested culture-positive.
- According to the paper, immunoblotting (IB) was used as the gold standard test to benchmark the other tests. The CIDC antigen had the highest sensitivity at 100 percent, followed by c.c.pro antigen at 99.39 percent. The USDA antigen had substantially lower sensitivity at 62.19 percent.
- In the specificity area, the USDA antigen registered 100 percent, ahead of the CIDC antigen (97.5 percent), and c.c.pro antigen (96.5 percent). Specificity is the measure of an antigen’s ability to identify negative results correctly, while sensitivity is the measure of the capacity to correctly identify positive results.
- Further, the paper revealed the positive and negative predictive values respectively for each antigen as: 95.88 percent and 99.48 percent for c.c.pro, 97.04 percent and 100 percent for CIDC, and 100 percent and 76.33 percent for USDA. These are indicative of the reliability of each test in identifying positive and negative results respectively.
- Finally, the research report showed a near-perfect correlation (0.96) between the results of CFT using either c.c.pro or CIDC antigens and those of the IB, revealing their high degree of similarity and potentially interchangeable use in the diagnosis of glanders.
Cite This Article
APA
Khan I, Wieler LH, Melzer F, Gwida M, Santana VL, de Souza MM, Saqib M, Elschner MC, Neubauer H.
(2011).
Comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders.
Vet Rec, 169(19), 495.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d5410 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany. drkhan_uaf@yahoo.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Burkholderia mallei / immunology
- Complement Fixation Tests / standards
- Complement Fixation Tests / veterinary
- Equidae
- Glanders / blood
- Glanders / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Rabbits
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Ichikawa Y, Iinuma Y, Okagawa T, Shimbo R, Enkhtuul B, Khurtsbaatar O, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Aoshima K, Kobayashi A, Batbaatar V, Ohashi K, Kimura T. Comparison of immunogenicity of 17 Burkholderia mallei antigens and whole cell lysate using indirect ELISA. J Vet Med Sci 2025 Apr 1;87(4):394-401.
- Grause JF, Elschner MC, Ledesma NA, Murphy G. Development and validation of a chemiluminescent western blot assay for glanders (Burkholderia mallei) serodetection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024 Mar;36(2):283-286.
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt CG, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Gubbins S, Laroucau K, Antoniou SE, Aznar I, Broglia A, Lima E, Van der Stede Y, Zancanaro G, Roberts HC. Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: Burkholderia mallei (Glanders). EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07069.
- Elschner MC, Melzer F, Singha H, Muhammad S, Gardner I, Neubauer H. Validation of a Commercial Glanders ELISA as an Alternative to the CFT in International Trade of Equidae. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:628389.
- Wang G, Glaser L, Scott NE, Fathy Mohamed Y, Ingram R, Laroucau K, Valvano MA. A glycoengineered antigen exploiting a conserved protein O-glycosylation pathway in the Burkholderia genus for detection of glanders infections. Virulence 2021 Dec;12(1):493-506.
- Abreu DC, Gomes AS, Tessler DK, Chiebao DP, Fava CD, Romaldini AHCN, Araujo MC, Pompei J, Marques GF, Harakava R, Pituco EM, Nassar AFC. Systematic monitoring of glanders-infected horses by complement fixation test, bacterial isolation, and PCR. Vet Anim Sci 2020 Dec;10:100147.
- Erdemsurakh O, Ochirbat K, Gombosuren U, Tserendorj B, Purevdorj B, Vanaabaatar B, Aoshima K, Kobayashi A, Kimura T. Seroprevalence of equine glanders in horses in the central and eastern parts of Mongolia. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Sep 24;82(9):1247-1252.
- Adhikari N, Acharya KP, Wilson RT. The potential for an outbreak of glanders in Nepal. Trop Med Health 2019;47:57.
- Yazdansetad S, Mosavari N, Tadayon K, Mehregan I. Development of an immunoblotting assay for serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei infection: the whole-cell proteome-based paradigm. Iran J Microbiol 2019 Jun;11(3):232-238.
- Elschner MC, Laroucau K, Singha H, Tripathi BN, Saqib M, Gardner I, Saini S, Kumar S, El-Adawy H, Melzer F, Khan I, Malik P, Sauter-Louis C, Neubauer H. Evaluation of the comparative accuracy of the complement fixation test, Western blot and five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of glanders. PLoS One 2019;14(4):e0214963.
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